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Scripture: Romans 8:18-25
Scripture: Romans 8:18-25
A. Paul shifts from the pairing of flesh/spirit (vv. 2–16) to the pairing of suffering and glory (vv. 17–30)
B. Suffering and glory are not opposed; they belong to the same people — Christ's people
C. The central question Paul anticipates: How am I to think about this suffering?
D. Paul's answer (Romans 8:18): the sufferings of this present time are not worth comparing with the glory to be revealed
E. Two illustrations of waiting amid suffering
F. Main theme: You must suffer now, waiting for the glory to come that is better
A. The God of Scripture is not the deist's clockmaker God; he is sovereign over all of history
B. The pattern of God's design for creation (Romans 8:19-21)
C. The renewal of our bodies and the renewal of creation are tied together
D. The promise of God's design for his children (Romans 8:23)
E. Unlike the baseball player, the believer has a guarantee: this end is purposed and promised by God himself
A. Groaning marks our waiting
B. We ourselves groan inwardly (Romans 8:23)
C. Our groaning is a hopeful groaning
D. The nature of Christian hope (Romans 8:24-25)
E. The consequence of hope: patience (Romans 8:25)
F. Closing exhortation
Scripture: Revelation 3:14-22
Scripture: Revelation 3:14-22
A. Christ introduces himself as "the Amen, the faithful and true witness, the beginning of God's creation"
B. The charge of lukewarmness: Revelation 3:15-16
C. Application: Are you a lukewarm Christian?
A. Laodicea's self-sufficient wealth: Revelation 3:17
B. The city's wealth highlights the church's spiritual poverty
C. Christ himself is the all-sufficient answer to every need
A. Christ's loving reproof: Revelation 3:19
B. The love Christ shows is phileō — intimate, brotherly, interpersonal bond
C. The covenant friendship of David and Jonathan as a type: 1 Samuel 20
Scripture: Romans 8:12-17
Scripture: Romans 8:12-17
A. The believer's new obligation — not to the flesh, but to the Spirit (Romans 8:12)
B. The Spirit's leading and the believer's activity work inseparably together (Romans 8:13-14)
C. All who are led by the Spirit are sons of God (Romans 8:14)
A. The contrast between the spirit of slavery and the Spirit of adoption (Romans 8:15)
B. The cry of "Abba, Father" — the experiential access of the adopted child
C. Practical exhortation: Have you come to enjoy your access to the Father — in battle with sin, in distress, in doubt?
A. The Spirit bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God (Romans 8:16)
B. Children are heirs — heirs of God and fellow heirs with Christ (Romans 8:17)
C. The now inheritance — suffering with Christ
D. The then inheritance — glorification with Christ
Scripture: Romans 8:5-11
A. The contrast in Romans 8:5 is rooted in two modes of being, not merely two ways of living
B. The new mind flows from a new existence given by the spirit
C. The new mind entails new commitments, loyalties, and desires
A. The condition of the flesh is death and hostility to God (Romans 8:6-8)
B. The condition of the spirit is life and peace (Romans 8:6)
C. The new condition is the package deal of the spirit: new mindset, new spiritual life, and real peace with God
A. Paul directly addresses believers in Romans 8:9-11, shifting from declaration to consolation
B. The indwelling spirit is the ground of confidence
C. The spirit dwelling in the believer is the guarantee of resurrection life (Romans 8:10-11)
Scripture: Revelation 3:7-13
Scripture: Revelation 3:7-13
A. Christ identifies himself as the holy and true one who holds the key of David
B. Christ sets before the church an open door of witness (Revelation 3:8)
C. The witness of the church results in the conversion of persecutors (Revelation 3:9)
D. The power of a church rests not in numbers or prominence but in the faithful proclamation of the Word
A. Christ promises to keep the church from the hour of trial (Revelation 3:10)
B. Christ spiritually preserves his people through tribulation, not from physical danger
C. The church is called to think eschatologically, not politically or temporally
D. Suffering confirms and deepens the Christian's experience of God's love
A. The overcomer is promised to be made a pillar in the temple of God (Revelation 3:12)
B. God places his name upon his people, signifying his eternal presence with them
C. The new Jerusalem is the true and free city, in contrast to the present Jerusalem in bondage
D. The people of God await the day when heaven and earth are united and they dwell as living pillars in the presence of the Lamb
Scripture: Leviticus 16:1-34
A. The high priest laid both hands on the scapegoat, confessing all the sins of Israel over it, so that the goat "bore all their iniquities" (Leviticus 16:21-22)
B. The key question: does the transfer of sin change the nature of the sacrifice, or only its status before God?
C. This distinction is essential to why the sacrifice remains a pleasing aroma to God even while being judged in the people's place
D. Christ as the fulfillment of imputation
A. Two identical male goats are selected (Leviticus 16:5); lots are cast — one goat "for the Lord," one goat "for Azazel" (Leviticus 16:8-9)
B. Definition: propitiation (prefix pro-, "for") is a sacrifice directed toward God — it appeases his wrath and establishes reconciliation between the offerer and God
C. The doctrine of propitiation is widely rejected today, even within evangelicalism
D. Scripture unites God's love and his wrath in propitiation rather than setting them against each other
E. Leviticus, rightly understood, may be the most vivid Old Testament display of the love of a holy God for a sinful people, offering them a way into his presence through propitiation
A. Definition: expiation (prefix ex-, "out of/from") is not an offering directed toward God but the removal of sin away from the sinner — the bearing of the penalty that takes sin away
B. The scapegoat (Leviticus 16:20-22)
C. The wilderness as the land of curse
D. The fatal limitation of the Day of Atonement: it had to be repeated every year
E. Christ as the fulfillment of both propitiation and expiation
Scripture: Revelation 3:1-6
Scripture: Revelation 3:1-6
A. Christ addresses the church in Sardis as one that has a reputation for being alive but is spiritually dead (Revelation 3:1)
B. This is the reverse pattern from the other churches — here the majority is unfaithful, not just a troublesome minority
C. Christ's warning of coming "like a thief" (Revelation 3:3) refers here not primarily to the Second Coming but to temporal judgment on the church
D. The Greek word onoma (name) appears throughout this passage — translated "reputation" in verse 1 (ESV) but "name" in the NASB — unifying the letter's theme around the question: what does your life say about the name you bear?
A. Christ acknowledges a faithful remnant: "you still have a few names in Sardis, people who have not soiled their garments" (Revelation 3:4)
B. 2 Timothy 2:16-19 speaks to this same situation: false teaching spreads like gangrene, yet "God's firm foundation stands, bearing this seal: the Lord knows those who are his"
C. The promise that the faithful "will walk with me in white" (Revelation 3:4) carries both present and future dimensions
D. The glory of the saints is currently veiled, as Christ's glory was veiled in his humiliation, but will be fully revealed at his return
A. The promise: "I will never blot his name out of the book of life. I will confess his name before my Father and before his angels" (Revelation 3:5)
B. This passage is sometimes used to argue for the possibility of losing one's salvation, but the text does not support that reading
C. Christ's own words confirm the eternal security of the elect
D. Ancient Greek cities erased citizens' names from the public register upon their death — but Christ promises the opposite: those who die in the Lord have their heavenly citizenship not erased but secured forever
E. The call to confess Christ's name publicly is drawn from Matthew 10:32 and Luke 12:8: "Everyone who acknowledges me before men, I also will acknowledge before my Father in heaven"
F. Closing exhortation: live for the name that is above all names; let your conduct proclaim that you belong to Christ in every sphere of life, whatever the cost, and enter glory with your heavenly citizenship secure
Scripture: Revelation 2:18-29
Scripture: Revelation 2:18-29
A. Christ introduces himself as the Son of God — the only occurrence of this title in Revelation — with eyes like a flame of fire and feet like burnished bronze (Revelation 2:18)
B. The title "Son of God" carries both royal and divine significance
C. Christ commends the church at Thyatira yet brings a charge against it (Revelation 2:19-20)
D. "Jezebel" represents a proto-Gnostic, compromise-driven false teaching
E. All the churches are put on notice: Christ searches mind and heart and renders to each according to works (Revelation 2:23)
A. Christ's judgment on Jezebel is described as casting her onto a sick bed and her followers into great tribulation (Revelation 2:22)
B. Yet Christ's longsuffering mercy is on full display
C. To the faithful remnant Christ says: "I do not lay on you any other burden — only hold fast what you have until I come" (Revelation 2:24-25)
A. The promise to the overcomer: authority over the nations, ruling with a rod of iron (Revelation 2:26-27)
B. The promise of the morning star (Revelation 2:28)
C. Application: our desires are not too large but too small (C. S. Lewis)
Scripture: Leviticus 3:1-17
A. In the ancient Near East, sharing a meal confirmed peace and covenant relationship between parties
B. The peace offering enacts this same covenant confirmation between Yahweh and the offerer
C. The Lord's Supper fulfills and surpasses the peace offering
A. Meals in the ancient world marked joy and celebration
B. The peace offering is the culminating step of a sacrificial sequence
C. The fat and blood portions reserved for the Lord celebrate the benefactor, not merely the benefits
A. The book of Leviticus answers the crisis left at the end of Exodus
B. Communion with God is the destination of all redemptive history
C. The distinction between the burnt offering (male only) and the peace offering (male or female) is theologically significant
Scripture: Romans 8:1-4
A. The thesis of Romans 8:1 — "There is therefore now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus"
B. The answer: a new operative power — Romans 8:2
A. What the law could not do — Romans 8:3a
B. What God accomplished by sending his Son — Romans 8:3b
A. The purpose clause of Romans 8:4 — "in order that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us"
B. Practical confidence for the believer walking according to the Spirit
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