A 35-year-old woman presents for a periodic physical exam with Pap and HPV testing. She states she's feeling well without complaint and has excellent exercise tolerance, running about 30 miles per week. Her current medications include an levonagestrel IUD for contraception. Physical exam includes vital signs within normal limits, a BMI of 23, and no unusual findings, save for a mid-systolic click followed by a grade two, mid to late systolic murmur with a honking quality. The murmur moves forward into systole with position change from supine to standing and does not radiate beyond the precordium. These findings most likely represent:

A. A physiologic murmur

B. The murmur of aortic stenosis

C. The murmur of mitral valve prolapse

D. The murmur related to tricuspid valve incompetency

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zy_vs8NmEw&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=127

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A 35-year-old man presents with a one-week history of new onset fatigue, nausea, as well as reporting his urine looks like, quote, ice tea. He also reports, feel like someone kicked me right underneath my ribs on the right. He denies recent travel, contact with individuals with similar signs and symptoms, and reports a new sex partner for the past six months, stating, quote, we sometimes use condoms. 

In considering the diagnosis of acute hepatitis B, which of the following laboratory profiles would be noted?

A. Hep B surface antigen positive, anti-HBs negative, or Hep B surface antibody. ALT markedly elevated at 1390. AST similarly elevated at 1100. Total bilirubin markedly elevated at 4.8

B. Hep B surface antigen positive, anti-HBs, HBS- or Hep B surface antibody ALT modestly elevated at 68 as is AST total bilirubin .9 within normal limits

C. Hep B surface antigen negative, anti-HBS- or Hep B surface antibody, ALT 24, AST 22 and a total bilirubin of 0.6

D. Hep B surface antigen negative, anti-HPS negative, ALT 150, AST 140, total bilirubin 0.7 within normal limits

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gIaXKQMAino&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=126

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A 73-year-old female with a 20-year history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and stage 3B CKD, typically at treatment goals with oral medications, is being seen. She was discharged yesterday after being hospitalized for three days with community-acquired pneumonia and is here for a follow-up visit.

She states she's feeling much better with less shortness of breath, diminished cough, and sputum production, and is without fever. She mentions that while she was in the hospital that, quote, they changed my diabetes medicine and gave me insulin four times a day to keep my sugar controlled, close quote. A review of her discharge note reveals that rapid acting insulin was given according to blood glucose levels without scheduled basal insulin and this was used from admission to discharge. 

Random glucose today is at 220. The patient asks, should I start back up on those insulin shots? I've never used them before. The NP considers with which of the following.

A. given her random blood glucose is elevated, the use of a sliding scale insulin should be continued for the next week

B. the use of a sliding scale insulin potentially results in wide glucose excursions

C. sliding scale insulin is helpful as it mimics physiologic insulin secretion

D. the sliding scale insulin regimen should now be replaced with a basal insulin

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pig89cLdQ5k&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=125

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A 60-year-old male with documented ASCVD, obesity with BMI of 34, and type 2 diabetes presents for care. The patient reports he's currently feeling well without episodes of hypoglycemia. Current laboratory assessment includes the following. A1C is 8.6 % and his estimated GFR is at 62. Current medications include metformin at optimized dose and a sulfonyl urea.

Which of the following represents the nurse practitioner's next best action?

A. continue on current therapy and arrange for a three month follow up

B. discontinue the metformin and add a DPP4 inhibitor

C. add a GLP-1 inhibitor and discontinue the sulfonyl urea

D. add basal insulin and titrate to fasting glycemic goals

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8ybH1qcskq8&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=124

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A 17 yo male presents for follow up on a “fainting” episode that occurred during football practice at the end of a running exercise. He states, “I do not know what happened. We finished a set of running sprints and next thing I knew, I was on the ground.” He denies injury from the event and history of prior episodes. His physical examination reveals a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur heart best at the apex, increasing in intensity with position change from supine to standing position.  

This most likely represents: 

A. Mitral regurgitation 

B. Physiologic murmur 

C. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

D. Aortic stenosis 

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A 40 year-old accountant presents for advice on measles prevention. He reports disembarking from an airplane approximately 40 hours ago, and now being notified that one of the passengers on the plane has been diagnosed with measles today. He denies any chronic health problems, states he received “all the shots I should have” when he was a child. However, he is unable to produce documentation of childhood vaccinations. 

Which of the following represents the most appropriate action? 

A. This is an example of a low risk rubeola exposure without need for specific prophylactic action.  

B. Obtain rubeola IgG titers and provide appropriate prophylaxis based on results.  

C. Administer a single dose of MMR vaccine now with advice to contact the practice if there are concerning signs and symptoms.  

D. Order a dose of immunoglobulin and arrange for MMR vaccination update.

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-y2Ihr76nY&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=122

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A nurse practitioner receives a message from a neighbor, a 35-year-old woman who is asking for a prescription to treat a “urine infection”. The neighbor states she's had this condition occur in the past and does quite well if she gets on an antimicrobial quickly. The neighbor also mentions that she's going out of town on a business trip the next day and is unable to contact her personal healthcare provider nor get to urgent care. 

The NP considers the following in prescribing a medication to her neighbor.  

A. Given this is a request for a prescription that is not a controlled substance, the NP can provide the prescription as long as the patient can advise on what antimicrobials she has taken in the past. 

B. Providing this prescription would be a violation of federal law. 

C. In suspected UTI, an antimicrobial prescription should not be initiated until urine culture results are available.  

D. Since the NP does not have a patient provider relationship established with her neighbor, the request for an antimicrobial should be declined. 

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=G1IN08Ioh74&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=121

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Which of the following best describes a disease that should be reported to the local or regional public health department?  

A. Diseases where public health intervention is needed to help prevent spread to the region or community.  

B. Diseases with significant rates of mortality and morbidity.  

C. Diseases that are most often noted among individuals with significant immunocompromise. 

D. Diseases where intervention in early life helps lead to improved health in adulthood.  

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBvF5QT9RQE&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=120

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A 6-year-old presents with his parents, with a chief complaint of a 3 day history of sore throat, intermittent frontal headache and fever with a 1 day history of a non pruritic fine, raised rash, without N, V, D or C. He is able to take fluids without difficulty but has diminished appetite. The parents report that other children in their son’s kindergarten class have been sick with similar signs and symptoms. A rapid strep screen is positive. Clinical evaluation is consistent with scarlet fever. The child has no drug allergies. 

Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention?

A. IM penicillin

B. Oralamoxicillin

C. Topical triamcinolone

D. No specific therapy is needed.

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YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=udyt2WeaoJo&list=PLf0PFEPBXfq592b5zCthlxSNIEM-H-EtD&index=119

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