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After this lecture the student should understand the significance and characteristics of the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system; cardiovascular emergencies; the pathophysiology of respiration and perfusion; signs and symptoms of the most common cardiac conditions; the indications, contraindications, and use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs); and the general care of a patient experiencing a cardiac emergency. 

Knowledge Domains: Identify the basic anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, the pathophysiology of the cardiovascular system as well as describe the anatomy, physiology, pathophysiology, assessment, and management of the following cardiac related emergencies: thromboembolism, angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, a hypertensive emergency and a aortic aneurysm/dissection.

Explain patient assessment procedures for cardiovascular problems and the relationship between airway management and the patient with cardiac compromise. 

Give the indications and contraindications for the use of aspirin and nitroglycerin.

Recognize that many patients will have had cardiac surgery and may have implanted pacemakers or defibrillators.

Define cardiac arrest and understand the differences between the fully automated and the semiautomated defibrillator. Describe the different types of AEDs and the indications and contraindications for use of an automated external defibrillator (AED). The EMT should know the reasons for early defibrillation and explain the circumstances that may result in inappropriate shocks from an AED. Describe AED maintenance procedures, continuing education and review.

The EMT should know and understand the the emergency medical care for the patient with cardiac arrest and describe the components of care following AED shocks.

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The EMT will understand the significance and characteristics of respiratory emergencies in infant, child, and adult populations. The EMT should be able to demonstrate a fundamental comprehension on the following topics: respiratory anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms of various respiratory etiologies (eg, asthma, COPD, pneumonia), and the assessment and management necessary to provide basic care in the prehospital setting.

Knowledge Domains

List the structures and functions of the upper and lower airways, lungs, and accessory structures of the respiratory system.

Explain the physiology of respiration; include the signs of normal breathing.

Discuss the pathophysiology of respiration, including examples of the common signs and symptoms a patient with inadequate breathing may present with in an emergency situation.

Explain the special patient assessment and care considerations that are required for geriatric and pediatric patient who are experiencing respiratory distress. 

Describe different respiratory conditions that cause dyspnea, including their causes, assessment findings and symptoms, complications, and specific prehospital management and transport decisions.

List the characteristics of infectious diseases that are frequently associated with dyspnea.

Discuss some pandemic considerations related to the spread of influenza type A and strategies EMTs should employ to protect themselves.

Describe the assessment of a patient who is in respiratory distress and the relationship of the assessment findings to patient management and transport decisions.

Describe the primary emergency medical care of a person who is in respiratory distress.

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Popular medical acronyms to be used during your patient assessments:

AEIOUTIPS

AVPU

DCAPBLSTICS

SAMPLE

HAM

DRGERM

OPQRST

SLUDGE

PERRL

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After this lecture, the EMT should understand the need for a proper patient assessment when responding to patients whose chief complaint is medical in nature. The EMT should be able to differentiate between medical and traumatic emergencies but realize a patient may be suffering from both as well as the following knowledge domains:

Common Medical Emergencies

Nature of Illness determination

The Medical Patient Assessment 

Proper Patient Transport and Destination

Define Infectious and Communicable Diseases

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The EMT will learn about shock (hypoperfusion), perfusion, the signs and symptoms of shock, types of shock, causes of shock, and the specific treatment for the different shocks.

Pathophysiology of Shock

Causes of Shock

Types of Shock

Signs and Symptoms of Shock

Compensated versus Decompensated Shock

Assessment for Shock

Emergency care for Shock

In this lecture, students will learn about the patient assessment. Unlike other lectures, the patient assessment here will be broken up into five sub-lectures which are scene size-up, primary assessment, history taking, secondary assessment, and patient reassessment. Students will also learn how to use SAMPLE, PENMAN, AVPU, and OPQRST

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#NREMT #EMT #PODCAST

Hello Everyone, the NREMT - EMT Podcast series has been developed into a written study guide which corresponds with the actual lectures of Season 2. The first study guide to drop is the Foundation Block. Based on your comments and reviews, there might be future study guides.

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This lecture/podcast is part of the Pharmacology Block series. By the end of this lecture, the student should have an understanding of the following:

Knowledge Domains:

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