Systematic review of epithelial, stromal, and endothelial dystrophies with emphasis on inheritance patterns, classic exam findings, and indications for medical vs surgical treatment.

Covers nonhereditary corneal changes such as band keratopathy, Salzmann nodules, lipid keratopathy, and peripheral thinning disorders, focusing on pathophysiology and management triggers.

Overview of congenital anomalies including Peters anomaly, sclerocornea, and anterior segment dysgenesis, with emphasis on diagnosis, systemic associations, and surgical considerations.

Focused review of treatments including artificial tears, anti-inflammatory therapy, punctal occlusion, serum tears, and procedural interventions, emphasizing escalation strategies and indications.

Integration of eyelid and conjunctival pathology with corneal disease, including blepharitis, conjunctivitis, exposure, and mechanical causes of surface breakdown.

Comprehensive breakdown of dry eye and ocular surface dysfunction, including aqueous-deficient and evaporative mechanisms, meibomian gland disease, and tear film instability with stepwise management.

Systematic approach to corneal evaluation using slit lamp exam, staining patterns, pachymetry, topography, and anterior segment imaging. Focus on pattern recognition and choosing the right diagnostic tool.

Foundational review of corneal anatomy and physiology, emphasizing epithelial barrier function, stromal transparency, endothelial pump mechanics, and tear film interactions that explain clinical disease patterns.