While most Oregon homebuyers use traditional lenders like banks, mortgage brokers or credit unions, there are solid reasons (and a very helpful alternative) to purchase a home without them. Buyers avoid traditional lenders for a variety of factors and when they do, one mechanism they frequently turn to is known in our area as seller financing.
What Is Seller Financing? Also called owner financing, seller terms, owner carry, seller carryback, or seller carry, seller financing allows a homebuyer to purchase a property by making an initial down payment, then making direct payments to the seller. While Oregon law has rules in place especially to regulate large-scale property sellers who handle a significant amount of seller-financed transactions (notably commercial firms, such as finance companies), the process still remains relatively simple for Oregon home buyers and sellers who enter into a home sale without using a traditional lender.
The Basics-A key factor that helps to make seller financing an option is if a homeseller has either no loan, or a very small loan remaining on the property to be sold. Having little or no loan on the home being sold means that more of the buyer's down payment will go to the seller, and not diverted to the lender of a seller's existing home loan. Most home loans now have what's called a 'due on sale' clause, which means a seller's home loan must first be paid off upon the sale of a property. The single factor of having no or little loan balance on a property is often the single most limiting condition in determining if seller financing is an option. If the property has either no loan, or only a small loan remaining, this can really open the door to seller financing.
Basic Tools-Several tools can be used to establish seller financing. In Oregon, these include either a trust deed and note, or a land sales contract. Here is a recent legal article outlining some differences between these two instruments for Oregon seller financing . Most common is the trust deed and note, which can be prepared by Oregon title companies/escrow firms. Less common is the land sales contract, which can usually be considerably more labor intensive and expensive, since in Oregon land sales contracts can only be drawn up by an attorney.
What Makes Seller Financing so Powerful-Seller financing can be very powerful. How else to describe a form of financing that can:
1. Make an otherwise 'unsellable' property sellable,
2. Render an otherwise 'unqualified' buyer qualified, whilst escaping considerable loan fees, underwriting and requirements, like an appraisal.
3. Provide income to a home seller, with interest, all secured with the protection of a legal instrument in case of default
4. Allow a homebuyer the ability to purchase a home while selling a less liquid (hard to sell) asset, or re-building credit
5. Give both buyer and seller the flexibility to negotiate what works for them, rather than a bank's pre-determined, 'cookie-cutter' loan term, interest rate, or myriad of other conditions.
Here are a few scenarios illustrating some of real life advantages of seller financing-Scenario #1 involves a house located in a large Oregon town with no foundation and a faulty roof. The property is otherwise attractive, yet routine lender guidelines require a foundation for residential properties. The seller begins to think his house is a 'lemon.' That is, until he learns that since he owns the property 'free and clear' with no loan, that he can sell the property directly to a buyer. A buyer who happens to be a contractor discovers the house and realizes he can put a roof on the house for the cost of materials, then hire foundation work far more cheaply than someone unlike him who is not in the building trades. An agreement is made. As a result, buyer and seller see the transaction as a 'win-win.'
Scenario #2-involves a nice home located in a tiny Oregon town between the Willamette Valley and Oregon Coast. Given the somewhat remote location, there isn't a lot of demand for the property in Scenario #2. In an effort to 'open up the buyer pool' and 'jumpstart' buyer activity, the seller's Realtor advises his seller client to consider seller financing. The seller agrees and before long, an out of state buyer who just retired discovers the property, located near an elderly relative. The buyer wants to first sell his large ranch in California, but because he will be listing his out-of-state property for 4 million dollars, it may take more than a few months to sell it. The California seller doesn't want to sell his out-of-state property at a discount and wants to purchase a home meanwhile near his relative. So the Californian strikes a deal with the tiny Oregon town homeseller. Because the seller is open to seller financing and therefore providing the buyer with a helpful benefit, the buyer agrees to pay full price for the seller's property and places $75,000, or 25% down of the $300,000 purchase price using seller financing. Confident his California property will sell within 3 years, buyer and seller agree to mutually agreeable monthly payments, with a balloon payment of the remaining loan balance within 36 months. The buyer gets full price, a quicker home sale, interest (on top of his full selling price) and the security of a legal instrument as protection in the unlikely event of buyer default. The buyer is provided sufficient time to sell his out-of-state asset, plus can move quickly to live near his Oregon relative. As a result, buyer and seller see the transaction as a 'win-win.'
Scenario #3 involves a homebuyer who recently experienced a 'short sale' on an investment rental he owned. Because traditional lenders are unlikely to loan to borrowers with a recent 'short sale,' this homebuyer can either wait until lenders are satisfied that this experience is well behind him, or look at other options. Knowing his buyer's situation, the Realtor for this 'short sale' purchaser searches specifically for, then locates a property suitable for his buyer which is being offered with seller financing. The buyer's Realtor writes up a clean, solid offer with 20% down at a competitive interest rate and 5 year balloon. The seller accepts the 'short sale' buyer's offer. There is a successful closing of the transaction, years before a traditional lender would have said 'yes' to providing the 'short sale' buyer with a home loan. As a result, buyer and seller see the transaction as a 'win-win.'
Covering the Bases-As with any business agreement, things can and sometimes do go wrong. One of the more important factors for sellers to consider prior to entering into any seller financing agreement is a possible default by a buyer, who simply cannot continue making payments as agreed. In this case, placing the situation before an Oregon real estate attorney is frequently a good move. If the buyer is dealing in good faith, sometimes a temporary restructuring of payments can be agreed upon, or mutually agreeable exit strategy to provide the buyer a pathway to meet the agreement, or sell the property. If the buyer becomes difficult, an attorney's letter can be persuasive.
Happy Bankers-Studies show that traditional lenders start relaxing requirements when a buyer can make a 20% downpayment, known as 80% 'loan to value.' This is a good general rule for seller financing, too. A minimum 20% downpayment typically means a buyer will be a better risk. The graph below shows how such an 80% 'loan to value' situation has historically reduced the delinquency rate for loan transactions.
Insurance-One other condition for sellers to be aware of relates to insurance. This can include fire and liability insurance. Especially helpful is if the seller is named as a 'loss payee.' This means that if there is a loss, such as a fire, the seller has a priority to insurance compensation.
New Rules-Federal and state mortgage laws often change and this is certainly true of Oregon seller financing. The good news is that for many routine transactions, Oregon homebuyers and homesellers can participate in the benefits of seller financing. The latest batch of regulations are largely designed to hold commercial lenders more accountable. If a major creditor or commercial lender is not a seller, the process of buying and selling with seller financing in Oregon can still be relatively simple. These new rules create a situation where it’s best to be clear if you’ll be dealing with a ‘vanilla’ type 'mom and pop' seller financing transaction, or a more complicated 'corporate' one that requires additional time, money and outside assistance. The following information is not legal advice, but a ‘thumbnail’ overview of two simpler scenarios for Oregon seller financing. For real estate advice, consult a Realtor. For legal advice, consult an attorney.
The ‘Vanilla’ Scenario-Let’s have dessert first. One of the easier scenarios for seller financing is if you’re buying a home from a seller who has lived in the house as a primary residence. This simple factor is a decent sized ‘green light’ and avoids much additional paperwork, like the need to hire a mortgage loan originator, or MLO, to handle the seller financed transaction. Under the new rules, another ‘vanilla’ scenario that simplifies the process are transactions between family members.
The ‘Small Potatoes’ Scenario-Even if the seller has never lived in the home you’re buying, if the seller is deemed ‘small potatoes’ and not a major creditor or commercial lender, the seller can still provide seller financing. In this case, a ‘green light’ to simplicity is found among sellers who have provided seller financing in a home sale for three or fewer transactions within a 1 year period. This exemption is helpful, since few residential homeowners sell even one home each year.
The Meat of the Matter-Regardless of the kind of seller financing you consider, consider working with a professional experienced in this unique area of real estate practice. Seller financing offers many potential advantages, but it’s important to understand the process and your limitations.
Collection Escrow Account-One very convenient service often used by buyers and sellers who use seller financing is called a collection escrow account. Collection escrow accounts are usually set up during the escrow process, once an offer has been accepted. In our region, collection escrow companies receive payments from the buyer on behalf of the seller, while tracking them, then forward the payment to the seller, often by direct deposit or via a mailed check. Why is this convenient? Because both parties then have a state-licensed firm keeping track of payments. This also makes it easier around tax time for buyer and seller. Sellers can more easily show income and buyers can better account for their mortgage interest deduction.
Thinking about using seller financing? Contact Certified Realty for more information at 800-637-1950, or via email at [email protected]
