Professor Alan Outram, Head of Archaeology at University of Exeter is one of the world's leading experts on ancient horse DNA and the domestication of the horse. In this interview he explains how his views have changed since his 2009 paper on the Botai domestication of the horse. Prof. Outram contributed to a paper, published in May 2018, entitled, “The first horse herders and the impact of early Bronze Age steppe expansions into Asia” in which the Yamnaya, most likely the Proto-Indo-Europeans, are posited as the potential domesticators of modern horses, rather than the Botai who were pushed out of Kazakhstan by the Yamnaya or related steppe pastoralists.

He also discusses the role of the Sintashta culture in developing horse based warfare and chariots, the related Andronovo culture's contribution to Indian DNA and the Afanasievo culture's spread into East Asia.

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