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Professor Margaret MacMillan joins us to explore how the 1919 Paris Peace Conference shaped our modern world and why understanding this pivotal moment is essential for making sense of today's European conflicts.

• World War I as the war that made World War II possible and ended the relatively peaceful 19th century
• The challenge of self-determination in ethnically mixed regions where borders created inevitable tensions
• How personalities of leaders like Wilson, Lloyd George, and Clemenceau influenced critical decisions at Paris
• The lasting impact of borders drawn in 1919 on conflicts in Yugoslavia, Ukraine, and beyond
• Russia's historical position on the edge of Europe, torn between European identity and Eurasian exceptionalism
• The dangerous precedent set by violating the principle that borders shouldn't be changed by force
• How historical grievances from 1919 continue to fuel nationalist rhetoric in Hungary and elsewhere
• Europe's current moment of reflection about defense and identity after decades of relative peace