Pat Miller Show® Podcast

Are you a goal setter? I am! I think a lot of us start with good intentions but then don't follow through with how we're going to reach our goals.

And then the 75 Hard Challenge entered my life, thanks to my teenage son, and the process behind setting and achieving goals was realized. It wasn't enough to just set goals, I had to change my behaviors as well. And I had to do it every day. Consistently. No cheating or taking shortcuts.

The great thing about a system is that if you are consistent, it's only a matter of time before you reach your goal.

Also on this episode:

• When you get a chance to give your elevator pitch you MUST make it count. Precious L. Williams, the Killer Pitch Master shares how to get attention and create a line of people who can’t wait to talk with you.
• Business Strategy / Exit Planning / Valuation – We hear plenty about starting a business, but what are your plans for ending your business? In this replay interview, Kiley Peters, founder and business strategist for Rayne IX is sharing those things entrepreneurs need to think about when it comes to exiting their business. In addition to an exit plan, Kiley also educates us on how to build value in our business while still working the business.

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Sidekick Accounting

This episode is sponsored by Sidekick Accounting. Sidekick is your trusted companion as you grow your small business that effortlessly handles the finances. Now an official Profit First Provider! Contact with Sidekick Accounting at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/sidekick

Sidekick Accounting Services

Paid Speaking Bootcamp

Bankable Events

Design a highly profitable, community building, brand boosting event for your small business with Bankable Events - even with no experience! Bankable events offers proven strategies for designing events that drive revenue. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/bankable

Bankable Events

Athena Legal Solutions

Small business legal doesn't have to be complicated. Say hello to peace of mind. Athena Legal Solutions is your personal business lawyer from start up to legacy creation. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/legal

Athena Legal Solutions

Choices Coaching & Consulting

This episode is sponsored by Choices Coaching & Consulting. Krista Morrissey and Choices Coaching & Consulting build leaders in your small business so you can grow faster. Learn more: https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/choices

Choices Coaching & Consulting

Welcome to the Pat Miller...

We're bringing back the best of the best! We've had some amazing guests on the Pat Miller Show, who have all shared equally amazing content. So today, we're diving into the archives to bring you The Pat Miller Show's Greatest Hits.

First up is the answer to the question, "How can I be more productive?" Pat shares five things you can do in his step-by-step guide to building a more productive work week. You'll learn how to be more productive while working LESS!

If you feel like you don’t have enough time in the week and you can’t get everything done then this episode is for you.

Also on this episode:

• Scheduling / Burnout / Efficiency – Hally Brooke, CEO of Live Nourished Coaching talks to us all about overscheduling ourselves. We’re probably all guilty of it sometimes but overscheduling can lead to negative results in regard to our health, as well as negative results in our business.
• Virtual Events / Marketing / Community – Online events usual garner lots of interest but few that show up. Alexis Caldicott, Events Expert and owner of the A-Team Event Company shares how she gets people to actually show up when they say they will.
• Question of the Day – What is the word that needs to die in the small business space?

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Athena Legal Solutions

Small business legal doesn't have to be complicated. Say hello to peace of mind. Athena Legal Solutions is your personal business lawyer from start up to legacy creation. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/legal

Athena Legal Solutions

Choices Coaching & Consulting

This episode is sponsored by Choices Coaching & Consulting. Krista Morrissey and Choices Coaching & Consulting build leaders in your small business so you can grow faster. Learn more: https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/choices

Choices Coaching & Consulting

Bankable Events

Design a highly profitable, community building, brand boosting event for your small business with Bankable Events - even with no experience! Bankable events offers proven strategies for designing events that drive revenue. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/bankable

Bankable Events

Paid Speaking Bootcamp

Paid Speaking Bootcamp

Sidekick Accounting

This episode is sponsored by Sidekick Accounting. Sidekick is your trusted companion as you grow your small business that effortlessly handles the finances. Now an official Profit First Provider! Contact with Sidekick Accounting at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/sidekick

A majority of the time when we see someone talk about their business, we are usually only getting one side of the story. We hear all about the good things happening but seldom about the things that may not be going so well.

So how is your business doing, really? What is your view of the state of our economy?

The metrics say we're doing just fine, but do they tell the whole story? How are you doing compared to this same time last year?

One thing we can all probably agree on is that things just cost more across the board. Listen in as Pat shares 4 steps to handling rising expenses.

Also on this episode:

• Leadership / Influence - If you've grown your business to the point that you have a team of employees, this segment is for you! Dawn Mullarney, CEO of Unique Connector lets us in on the secret to identifying the leaders in your organization. They may not be who you think they are.
• Control / Good Energy - Bad things can happen to any business. So when life isn't all sunshine and rainbows, Krista Morrissey, Chief Growth Officer for Choices Coaching & Consulting is here to help us get past the icky stuff so it doesn't linger for long.
• Celebration! - We're celebrating with Leighann Lovely, Owner of Love Your Sales, who's business is officially profitable for the first time! Not bad for a company that just started earlier this year.

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Sidekick Accounting

This episode is sponsored by Sidekick Accounting. Sidekick is your trusted companion as you grow your small business that effortlessly handles the finances. Now an official Profit First Provider! Contact with Sidekick Accounting at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/sidekick

Sidekick Accounting Services

Athena Legal Solutions

Small business legal doesn't have to be complicated. Say hello to peace of mind. Athena Legal Solutions is your personal business lawyer from start up to legacy creation. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/legal

Athena Legal Solutions

Welcome to the Pat Miller Show

The Pat Miller Show is a nationally syndicated radio show exclusively for small business owners. Our mission is summed up by our slogan: "Don't Grow It Alone." Welcome to the mission! Learn more at https://www.ideacollectiveincubator.com

Paid Speaking Bootcamp

Bankable Events

Design a highly profitable, community building, brand boosting event for your small business with Bankable Events - even with no experience! Bankable events offers proven strategies for designing events that drive revenue. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/bankable

Rant Alert! If you're a podcast creator, this rant is for YOU! Last week Pat heard the worst podcast he's ever heard and he's sharing why it was so bad so that you don't make the same mistakes.

The time a listener gives you is precious, so make sure you're making it worth their while.

Also on this episode:

• Profit / Expenses / Efficiency - Is there more profit to be found in your business? In this two-part segment, Megan Schwan, CEO and Founder of Sidekick Accounting is here sharing ten ways to find profit in your business that you might otherwise lose out on.
• Celebration! - We're celebrating with Victoria Thayer, Founder of Novii CPA. Victoria started Novii CPA just 4 months ago and already has needed to hire 3 employees to work with her. Amazing!

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Paid Speaking Bootcamp

Bankable Events

Design a highly profitable, community building, brand boosting event for your small business with Bankable Events - even with no experience! Bankable events offers proven strategies for designing events that drive revenue. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/bankable

Bankable Events

Athena Legal Solutions

Small business legal doesn't have to be complicated. Say hello to peace of mind. Athena Legal Solutions is your personal business lawyer from start up to legacy creation. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/legal

Athena Legal Solutions

Sidekick Accounting

This episode is sponsored by Sidekick Accounting. Sidekick is your trusted companion as you grow your small business that effortlessly handles the finances. Now an official Profit First Provider! Contact with Sidekick Accounting at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/sidekick

Sidekick Accounting Services

Choices Coaching & Consulting

This episode is sponsored by Choices Coaching & Consulting. Krista Morrissey and Choices Coaching & Consulting build leaders in your small business so you can grow faster. Learn more: https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/choices

Choices Coaching & Consulting

[Backstage Access Granted]

This is your chance to go backstage, meet Pat and check out the Idea Slam Brainstorming event! Only show listeners can get in on the Backstage Brainstorm on September 13 and 27. Sign up for the free event before it fills!

230814 - Backstage Brainstorm Event - 9/13

How much do we love giving BIG corporations our money!?! Based on the way we throw our bank accounts at them, I'd say quite a lot!

Apple seems to be at the forefront of our spending. Whenever a new version of the iPhone comes out the world goes crazy for it. But why is it so appealing and why do we make such a big deal out of it? Pat shares his theory (and the numbers) behind iPhone ownership. We also dive into the two problems that Apple has as it continues to demand consumer dominance.

Also on this episode:

• Mindset / Self-Doubt - Negative talk and self-doubt stops even the smartest, most capable people. Laura Aura, Alignment Coach and host of the Gutsy Podcast is here talking about her "Power Back Process." Learn a simple way to get back on track and shift what's going on in your head.
• Lead Generation / Sales - Erin Marcus, CEO and founder of Conquer Your Business is here sharing how to bridge the gap between marketing and sales. It might seem like voodoo magic but it's 100% possible.
• Celebration! - We're celebrating with Sally Meyers, Life Coach with Happy Ripples Coaching on the launch of her Women's Mastermind - "Rebel Unstuck." If you're transitioning out of parenting young children, and not sure what to do next, this mastermind is for you!

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Bankable Events

Design a highly profitable, community building, brand boosting event for your small business with Bankable Events - even with no experience! Bankable events offers proven strategies for designing events that drive revenue. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/bankable

Bankable Events

Paid Speaking Bootcamp

Athena Legal Solutions

Small business legal doesn't have to be complicated. Say hello to peace of mind. Athena Legal Solutions is your personal business lawyer from start up to legacy creation. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/legal

Athena Legal Solutions

Welcome to the Pat Miller Show

The Pat Miller Show is a nationally syndicated radio show exclusively for small business owners. Our mission is summed up by our slogan: "Don't Grow It Alone." Welcome to the mission! Learn more at https://www.ideacollectiveincubator.com

Sidekick Accounting

This episode is sponsored by Sidekick Accounting. Sidekick is your trusted companion as you grow your small business that effortlessly handles the finances. Now an official Profit First Provider! Contact with Sidekick Accounting at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/sidekick

Sidekick Accounting Services

Choices Coaching &...

Today's show starts with a salute to an American Icon - Jimmy Buffet. We were saddened to hear of his passing, and the world will miss the joy he brought to the world.

But scattered among his memorable career is a lesson for small business owners. Jimmy Buffet knew exactly what people wanted out of him and what he was selling. You might think I'm referring to his albums and concert tickets but it goes much deeper than that. He sold a "feeling" and then he productized it.

What feeling do you provide to your customers? Learn how to get clear on that and watch your business grow!

Also on this episode:

• Networking / Building a Business - Why do we need the right people in our life? Pat had an experience over the weekend that reminded him of the importance of having a network. Don't have a network yet? Start with the Idea Collective Small Business Community and grow from there!
• Execution / Business Ownership - Brad Herda, owner of Vision Forward Business Solutions is here sharing the common things you need to consider to graduate from having a job that pays you to owning a business.
• Success Story - Let's give a shoutout to Roger Wolkoff, from All About Authenticity! Roger recently hired a part-time contractor to help in the areas he feels aren't his strengths. Sometimes letting go of some control is HARD, but for Roger, it's been a match made in heaven!

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

Also, we want YOU on the Pat Miller Show. Sign up for your appearance now: https://www.patmillershow.com.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Bankable Events

Design a highly profitable, community building, brand boosting event for your small business with Bankable Events - even with no experience! Bankable events offers proven strategies for designing events that drive revenue. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/bankable

Bankable Events

Sidekick Accounting

This episode is sponsored by Sidekick Accounting. Sidekick is your trusted companion as you grow your small business that effortlessly handles the finances. Now an official Profit First Provider! Contact with Sidekick Accounting at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/sidekick

Sidekick Accounting Services

[Backstage Access Granted]

This is your chance to go backstage, meet Pat and check out the Idea Slam Brainstorming event! Only show listeners can get in on the Backstage Brainstorm on September 13 and 27. Sign up for the free event before it fills!

230814 - Backstage Brainstorm Event - 9/13

Athena Legal Solutions...

It's Labor Day weekend, which means all of America is once again focused on moving things forward, whether in their personal life or business. Are you ready, and have you ever stopped to think about how much money people have to buy your product or service?

Inflation is starting to rear its ugly head more and more, and today we are talking about some of the places where inflation is hitting hardest, most of which your customers can't change easily.

Also on this episode:

• Sleep / Health - Your health can have a definite impact on your business. Hally Brooke, founder and CEO of Live Nourished Coaching is back to talk to us about the importance of sleep as a business owner. Sleep is crucial to keeping our brains in top form to make decisions, come up with new ideas, and to concentrate. Taking the time to sleep as a practice can not only better your health, but also have monetary benefits for your business.
• Idea Slam / Product Launch - We're brainstorming with Brienne Hennessy, The Voice Activator from Your Vocal Vitality! Brienne launched a new program, a course designed just for educators to help them optimize and condition their vocal power. But now that the course has been created and launched, the struggle is how to get it into the right hands. Perhaps the ideas we come up with in this Idea Slam will help your business as well!
• Celebration - Congratulations goes out to Elzie Flenard III, The Mayor of Podcast Town for the publication of his new book, Flame Starter - The Art of Self Mastery. Pick it up, because the content may be something that can help YOU!

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

Also, we want YOU on the Pat Miller Show. Sign up for your appearance now: https://www.patmillershow.com.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Choices Coaching & Consulting

This episode is sponsored by Choices Coaching & Consulting. Krista Morrissey and Choices Coaching & Consulting build leaders in your small business so you can grow faster. Learn more: https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/choices

Choices Coaching & Consulting

Athena Legal Solutions

Small business legal doesn't have to be complicated. Say hello to peace of mind. Athena Legal Solutions is your personal business lawyer from start up to legacy creation. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/legal

Athena Legal Solutions

Bankable Events

Design a highly profitable, community...

Whether you're ready or not, fall is right around the corner! It may not feel like it today, but that doesn't change the inevitable. Other than cooler temps and football, what really happens when fall comes?

Maybe you've felt it...the magical shift that comes with the changing of the season. It usually happens right after Labor Day. And since Labor Day is just over a week away, it's time to get ready. As small business owners it's crucial to prepare for the shift in how customers spend their time and money.

So what do you need to do to be ready? Do customers really act differently as they come out of summer mode? Pat is sharing 3 ways to prepare your business for fall.

Also on this episode:

• Emergency Preparedness - Do you like scary stories? Here's one...Apparently there's a new Covid variant that is being watched by the experts. Oh boy! We've heard it before and usually nothing remarkable comes from it, but we worry anyway. But rather than overreact, let's learn a few things about being prepared just on the chance that we reach pandemic status again.
• Adversity - What do you do when something bad happens within your small business? Kiley Peters, founder and strategist with Rayne IX, is back to talk to us all about overcoming adversity in business.
• Celebration - Candace Sanchez, author and podcast host, is celebrating 2 years with her podcast, "Unspoken: Conversations with Candace," and her birthday! Most podcasts don't make it that long. In fact, it's almost impossible. Candace is sharing why she thinks she was able to keep it going, and she's not finished yet!

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

Also, we want YOU on the Pat Miller Show. Sign up for your appearance now: https://www.patmillershow.com.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Paid Speaking Bootcamp

Bankable Events

Design a highly profitable, community building, brand boosting event for your small business with Bankable Events - even with no experience! Bankable events offers proven strategies for designing events that drive revenue. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/bankable

Bankable Events

Choices Coaching & Consulting

This episode is sponsored by Choices Coaching & Consulting. Krista Morrissey and Choices Coaching & Consulting build leaders in your small business so you can grow faster. Learn more: https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/choices

Choices Coaching & Consulting

Athena Legal Solutions

Small business legal doesn't have to be complicated. Say hello to peace of mind. Athena Legal Solutions is your personal business lawyer from start up to legacy creation. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/legal

Walt Disney has inspired many past and present business owners, and no doubt he will continue to inspire future entrepreneurs. One theory that has been attributed to Disney is the "Low Ride Out" theory, and believe it or not this theory could also apply to your small business!

It's been said that the Disney Corporation would evaluate the attractions each year and count how many people rode them, and then the ride with the least amount of riders would be replaced. You are most likely not in the theme park business, but there are some key takeaways in today's episode. We look at three areas in your business where you could apply the "Low Ride Out" theory to increase customer satisfaction and continue to grow your business.

Also on this episode:

• Hiring / Strengths - We often hear that we should hire people who excel in the things we aren't good at but Rochelle Ratkaj Moser, owner of Ratkaj Designs explains why we need to look at our strengths when adding people to our team. But before we can begin the hiring process, we need to be aware of what our individual strengths even are!
• Imposter Syndrome / Weaknesses - No one wants or likes the feeling of being stuck in imposter syndrome. William Deck, founder and CEO of Mind Business LLC is here to help us better understand imposter syndrome and what we can do when it takes hold.

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

Also, we want YOU on the Pat Miller Show. Sign up for your appearance now: https://www.patmillershow.com.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Athena Legal Solutions

Small business legal doesn't have to be complicated. Say hello to peace of mind. Athena Legal Solutions is your personal business lawyer from start up to legacy creation. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/legal

Athena Legal Solutions

Choices Coaching & Consulting

This episode is sponsored by Choices Coaching & Consulting. Krista Morrissey and Choices Coaching & Consulting build leaders in your small business so you can grow faster. Learn more: https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/choices

Choices Coaching & Consulting

Sidekick Accounting

This episode is sponsored by Sidekick Accounting. Sidekick is your trusted companion as you grow your small business that effortlessly handles the finances. Now an official Profit First Provider! Contact with Sidekick Accounting at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/sidekick

Sidekick Accounting Services

[Backstage Access Granted]

This is your chance to go backstage, meet Pat and check out the Idea Slam Brainstorming event! Only show listeners can get in on the Backstage Brainstorm on September 13 and 27. Sign up...

Let's talk influencers! Chances are you follow a few on social media. We all do. Influencers affect our behaviors and our culture. After all, we all love following those things that are considered "popular" and help us determine what's "in" so we can follow suit.

So have you heard of Milla Sofia? She is a 19 year old influencer from Finland; a model, has thousands of followers, brand deals, and is 100% FAKE! Yep, she is AI-generated.

But there's a lesson to be learned here. What Milla Sofia teaches us is what it takes to build an audience and what it takes to get big in the world of social media. It seems that the two most desired qualities for becoming successful as an influencer are to be hot or be real!

Also on this episode:

• Fear / Growth - Kate Carter, with Kate Carter Coaching joins us today to talk about something we often don't talk about - Fear. Our emotions can feel like a taboo subject when it comes to our work life, but in reality keeping things inside can actually get in the way of business growth.
• Personal Branding / Relationships - Who are you? What makes you different? Jamar Jones, founder of Foureva Media, speaker, and author of Change Your Circle; Change Your Life talks to us about remaining true to ourselves and unlocking self-awareness, which in turn will help you build relationships and fine-tune your brand.
• Question of the Day - What is the word that needs to die in the small business space?

Tired of working on your small business all by yourself? Wish you could have allies and partners willing to collaborate with you to solve problems and capture opportunities? Check out the international problem-solving small business community that is working together to beat the odds and achieve their small business goals: The Idea Collective Small Business Incubator: https://ideacoachmedia.com/idea.

Also, we want YOU on the Pat Miller Show. Sign up for your appearance now: https://www.patmillershow.com.

It's the event of the year - The Idea Collective Conference is happening in November. Come get away, get inspired, and grow your business!

Mentioned in this episode:

Athena Legal Solutions

Small business legal doesn't have to be complicated. Say hello to peace of mind. Athena Legal Solutions is your personal business lawyer from start up to legacy creation. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/legal

Athena Legal Solutions

Bankable Events

Design a highly profitable, community building, brand boosting event for your small business with Bankable Events - even with no experience! Bankable events offers proven strategies for designing events that drive revenue. Learn more at https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/bankable

Bankable Events

Paid Speaking Bootcamp

Choices Coaching & Consulting

This episode is sponsored by Choices Coaching & Consulting. Krista Morrissey and Choices Coaching & Consulting build leaders in your small business so you can grow faster. Learn more: https://pat-miller-show-podcast.captivate.fm/choices