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PBS Space Time episodes

  • How Vacuum Decay Would Destroy The Universe

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    Uploaded 18-08-21

    The universe is going to end. But of all the possible ends of the universe vacuum decay would have to be the most thorough - because it could totally rewrite the laws of physics. Today I hope to help you understand exactly how terrified you should be.

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    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
    Written by Matt O'Dowd
    Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal and Stephanie Faria
    GFX Visualizations: Ajay Manuel
    Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
    Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
    Executive Producers: Eric Brown and Andrew Kornhaber

    End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/user/MultiDroideka
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    16 min
  • Why String Theory is Wrong

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    Uploaded 20-12-18

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    There’s this idea that beauty is a powerful guide to truth in the mathematics of physical theory. String theory is certainly beautiful in the eyes of many physicists. Beautiful enough to pursue even if it’s wrong?

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    Previous Episode: Quantum Physics in a Mirror Universe
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UyTqgnKD3sw&t=5s

    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
    Written by Matt O'Dowd
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    Hermann Weyl once said, “If I have to choose between beauty and truth, I choose beauty.” It was in reaction to a rebuke by Einstein. Weyl had tried to explain electromagnetism by imposing on Einstein’s general theory of relativity very first gauge symmetry, Weyl invariance. Einstein pointed out it the proposal led to some absurd results, and so the idea went down in flames. It just couldn’t be true, despite the elegance of the math. But sometimes it can be hard to let go of the sense that a beautiful theory must be right. Could this also be the case with string theory?

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    سلطان الخليفي

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    22 min
  • Hawking Radiation

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    Uploaded 15-03-18

    It’s the most famous prediction of perhaps the most famous genius of our time ... Stephen Hawking's theory of Hawking Radiation.

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    Quantum Vacuum Playlist
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    Previous Episode:
    Should Space be Privatized?
    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wJ7d503fN-g

    Soon after Einstein revealed his great general theory of relativity in 1915, physicists realized that it allowed for the possibility of catastrophic gravitational collapse. In places of extreme density like the dead core of a massive star, space and time could be dragged inwards to create a hole in the universe: a boundary in spacetime called an event horizon that could be entered, but from beyond which nothing could return. Once formed, there was nothing in theory or imagination that could bring material consumed back to the outside universe. These black holes should exist forever – only growing, never shrinking.

    References:

    Black Hole Explosions?
    S. W. Hawking (1974)
    https://www.nature.com/articles/248030a0 (paywall)

    Particle Breation by Black Holes
    S. W. Hawking (1975)
    https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02345020 (paywall)
    https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.cmp/1103899181

    Hawking Radiation as Tunneling
    M. K. Parikh and F. Wilczek (2002)
    https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/9907001

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    15 min
  • Will Constructor Theory REWRITE Physics?

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    Uploaded 20-10-21

    The people behind the greatest leaps in physics - Einstein, Newton, Heisenberg, all had the uncanny ability to see the fundamentals - see the deepest, underlying facts about the world, and from simple statements about reality they built up their incredible theories. Well what if we all had a recipe book for doing exactly this. Well, one might be just around the corner and it’s called Constructor Theory.

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    Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
    Written by Jason Segall and Matt O'Dowd
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    20 min
  • The Final Obstacle to (Nearly) Infinite Energy
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    They say fusion is 50 years away, no matter when you ask. Then why are billions suddenly being pumped into fusion startups? Yes to train LLMs, but there's a reason the technobrats are bullish on fusion in particular. The fact is, the technological challenges have been chipped away and in many cases solved over the past decades, and there's really no one deal-breaker difficulty remaining. One of the final challenges is deciding on the physical vessel to contain our mini artificial stars--and we have some pretty sci-fi options that are nearly ready to go.
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    26 min
  • Does Antimatter Explain Why There's Something Rather Than Nothing?

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    ↓ More info below ↓

    Uploaded 08-07-20

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    The most precious substance in our universe is not gold, nor oil. It’s not even printer ink. It’s antimatter. But it’s worth every penny of it’s very high cost, because it may hold the answer to the question of why anything exists in our universe at all.

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    17 min
  • The Cosmic Dark Ages

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    Uploaded 16-05-19

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    We live in the stelliferous era. Somewhere between 10 and 1000 billion trillion stars fill the observable universe with light. But there was a time before the first star ignited. A time we call the cosmic dark ages.

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    In astronomy we study things that are very far away. It’s a powerful challenge because even the brightest objects are almost impossibly faint when you view them from the other side of the universe. But there’s an up side. If the light from some space object took billions of years to get to us then we see that object as it was billions of years ago. In this way we can peer back in time and literally see the past in motion. In fact we’re able to see some of the first stars and galaxies to ever form. But if we look beyond, both in distance and in time, there is … nothing. Darkness. For the hundred million years or so between the formation of the first atom and the formation of the first star there were no light sources in the universe. These were the cosmic dark ages. It’s a period of cosmic history rarely discussed because it’s hellishly difficult to observe. Fortunately scientists are devilishly clever. So what do we know about the time before stars?

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    19 min
  • Why Time Flows Differently Across Galaxies
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    The universe is expanding and that expansion is accelerating under the power of dark energy and eventually all matter and energy will be dispersed over such unthinkable distances that nothing can stop space from blowing up infinitely. Unless of course cosmologists blundered and dark energy doesn't even exist. Then it's back to the drawing board.
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    20 min
  • The Science of the James Webb Telescope Explained!
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    You’ve probably heard about the James Webb Space Telescope and seen some cool pictures. But why should astronomers have all the fun? How do we get to use this new toy ourselves?
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    21 min
  • Neutron Stars: The Most Extreme Objects in the Universe

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    Uploaded 15-09-21

    We’ve traveled to lots of weird places on this show - from the interiors of black holes to the time before the big bang. But today I want to take you on a journey to what has got to be the weirdest place in the modern universe - a place where matter exists in states I bet you’ve never heard of. Today we take a journey to the center of the neutron star.

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    17 min

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Space Time explores the outer reaches of space, the craziness of astrophysics, the possibilities of sci-fi, and anything else you can think of beyond Planet Earth with our astrophysicist host: Matthew O’Dowd.

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