PBS Space Time

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Uploaded 16-09-19

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Humanity’s future is glorious. As we master space travel, we’ll hop from one lifeless world to the next. Life will blossom in our path and the galaxy with shimmer with beautiful Earth-like orbs. Hmmm… maybe. This won’t sound so far fetched if we prove we can do it at least once. If we successfully terraform Mars.

Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Murilo Lopes
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Produced By: Kornhaber Brown

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We already have the technology to bring humans safely to Mars and set up small settlements - or at least could do within a generation. But those settlements will need to be cocooned - shielded against the deadly cold, intense radiation, and the fatal lack of atmospheric pressure. Surely if we want to thrive on Mars – to make it into our second home – these settlers, or their descendants, will need to be able open the airlocks, shed their spacesuits, and step out onto a survivable surface. We’ll need to terraform Mars, as our first step in terraforming the galaxy.

Red Iris Mars habitat by James Telfer: http://bit.ly/JamesTelferRedIris

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Uploaded 25-05-21

It’s fair to say that black holes may be the scariest objects in the universe. Happily for us, the nearest is probably many light-years away. Unless of course, Planck relics are a thing - in which case they might be literally everywhere.

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Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
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Learn more about Audible at: https://www.audible.com/spacetime or text spacetime to 500 500!

Uploaded 09-05-19

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Quantum computing is cool, but you know what would be extra awesome - a quantum internet. In fact if we want the first we’ll need the latter. And the first step to the quantum internet is quantum cryptography.

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Need a Black Hole Refresher
https://youtu.be/vNaEBbFbvcY

#cryptography #quantumcomputing #spacetime

Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Graeme Gossel and Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Wille
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Produced By: Kornhaber Brown

Quantum theory may seem like an obscure subject of questionable relevance to the average person. But in fact much of our technological world depends on our understanding of the quantum properties of the subatomic universe. And soon, perhaps very soon, we’ll be interacting with the weirdness of quantum mechanics even more directly – with the coming of quantum computing and the quantum internet. Quantum computing is a topic that’s that has been well covered, so we’re going to be talking about the quantum internet. Specifically quantum cryptography and quantum key distribution – the foundations of the prospective quantum internet. We may come back to quantum computer in detail – but for now let me show you why their advent will demand a quantum internet.

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Learn More about The Great Courses Plus: http://ow.ly/wvWC30o0QYV

Uploaded 20-03-19

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The power of Dark Energy may be increasing as the universe ages. Subtle clues are emerging that the accepted model for the nature of dark energy and dark matter may not be all that. We saw the first such clue recently in our recent episode on the Crisis in Cosmology. Today we’re doing a Space Time Journal Club to reveal another clue. We’re looking at a new paper in Nature Astronomy, “Cosmological constraints from the Hubble diagram of quasars at high redshifts” by Risaliti and Lusso. It hints that the cosmological constant may not be so constant after all. In fact it may be increasing. If this is true, then our prediction for the future of our universe looks VERY different, and may involve the entire universe tearing itself to shreds at the subatomic level in the Big Rip.

On this edition of Space Time Journal Club we look at:
Risaliti and Lusso (2019) "Cosmological Constraints from the Hubble Diagram of Quasars at High Redshifts"
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0657-z

#darkenergy #darkmatter #spacetime

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Learn More About Dark Energy Here:
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Uploaded 15-12-20

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Good news everyone: it looks like the universe is going to end with a series of catastrophic explosions. The very, very long story short is that the universe ends in heat death, as it approaches maximum entropy, and its eternal exponential expansion drives it to effective utter emptiness and absolute cold. But new calculations have revealed we may be able to look forward to one last source of astrophysical cataclysms - a new type of supernova that can only happen at the end of the universe.

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Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
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Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
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Thank you to Draper and its Hack the Moon initiative for supporting PBS Digital Studios | Learn more at https://wehackthemoon.com.

Uploaded 25-07-19

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One of the fundamental questions humanity has always asked is how big is our Universe? For much of human history, people believed that Planet Earth was the very center of the entire universe. And Earth is pretty big. But compared the rest of the universe, we are infinitesimally small.

The animation in this video the Digital Universe data collection curated by the American Museum of Natural History. The software is used to visualize these datasets is OpenSpace, which is developed through a collaboration between AMNH, Linköping University in Sweden, New York University, and the University of Utah. The software and datasets are open source and are free to download and explore. https://www.openspaceproject.com/

Credit: From the ESO Supernova to the end of the Universe at 00:52
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hy2cxmHuEAs
Credit: ESO/L. Calçada/M. Kornmesser/spaceengine.org

Credit: Cepheid Variable 4:06
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sXJBrRmHPj8
NASA, ESA, M. Kornmesser

I know, this video is a bit different from most Space Time videos. It's part of a PBS miniseries called Stellar, done in collaboration with Diana Cowern from @physicsgirl and Joe Hanson from @It'sOkayToBeSmart. Over six episodes we travel to telescopes, go inside space research centers, and chat with amazing scientists. Next up is Joe's episode where he explores where life might be outside our solar system.

Check out Joe’s episode here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XoxGOL-Ow9w

Check out the other episodes in this series:

The Quasar from The Beginning of Time | STELLAR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cqCPn…

Seeing a Black Hole with a Planet-Sized Telescope | STELLAR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUpKt…

I Visited the First Gravitational Wave Detector! LIGO | STELLAR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jtp71…

How We’ll Find the Aliens in Our Solar System! | STELLAR
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zfqpYDVhXd8&t=2s

Stellar is a part of the PBS Summer of Space. There'll be lots of awesome space related content all summer long on PBS. See what's happening at https://www.pbs.org/summer-of-space/

#SummerOfSpacePBS #astrophysics #space

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by: Sophia Chen, Matt O’Dowd, Andrew Kornhaber, Eric Brown
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber and Eric Brown
Producer: Randa Eid
Director of Photography: Eric Brouse
Sound: Justin Pope and Brett Van Duesen
Production Assistant: Marifisia Bel
Editing: Pavel Ezrohi, Tom Levin, Rebbecca Senn
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Uploaded 10-02-21

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There’s a deep connection between gravity and time - gravitational fields seem to slow the pace of time in what we call gravitational time dilation. And today we’ll explore the origin of this effect. And ultimately, we’ll use what we learn to understand how curvature in time - this gradient of time dilation - can be thought of as the true source of the force of gravity.

#space​ #generalrelativity #einstein

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Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
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Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, Pedro Osinski, Adriano Leal and Stephanie Faria
Directed by Andrew Kornhaber
Assistant Producer: Setare Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown and Andrew Kornhaber

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Uploaded 22-06-20

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Black holes are about the worst subjects for direct study in the universe. But at this stage, it’s all we can do to convince ourselves of their existence. Actually studying the physics of real black holes is much, much harder. I mean, we could try to make one - but that’s way beyond our current tech level, and also potentially humanity-destroying. Well it turns out we don’t need to make real black holes to at least get started with the lab work. We can instead study analog black holes - and by analog, I don’t mean old fashioned clockwork black holes - I mean analogies. Physical systems that aren’t black holes but that behave in similar ways - and may reveal the real behaviours of real black holes.

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

Matt Visser Paper
https://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/9712010

Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Daniel Garisto and Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, and Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Bahaar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown and Andrew Kornhaber

#space #astrophysics #blackholes

Previous Episodes Referenced:

Unruh Radiation https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cj6oiFDEXc
Hawking Radiation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qPKj0YnKANw&vl=en
How Black Hole Spin Space Time https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UjgGdGzDFiM&t=2s
What’s On the Other Side of a Black Hole: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4oYvSH6jJ8

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Uploaded 18-07-18

Entropy and the second law of thermodynamics has been credited with defining the arrow of time.

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Entropy is surely one of the most intriguing and misunderstood concepts in all of physics. The entropy of the universe must always increase – so says the second law of thermodynamics. It’s a law that seems emergent from deeper laws – it’s statistical in nature – and yet may ultimately be more fundamental and unavoidable than any other law of physics.

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