PBS Space Time

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Uploaded 23-08-18

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In 100 trillion years the era of stars will be over.

We live in an unusual age – the age when the stars still shine. We should count ourselves lucky – nearly all of future history will be dark. But events will still unfold in that long, cooling darkness, and civilizations may endure. So how will the universe and its far-future denizens spend eternity?


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Previous Episode:
Quantum Theory's Most Incredible Prediction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7UwigY4SjKY

What does the future of our Universe hold? Alas Lewis and Barnes
https://youtu.be/hCXRnwpmJTc

Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Luke Maroldi
Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

In 100 trillion years the last star in the universe will expand the final atoms of its hydrogen fuel and settle quietly into a dim white dwarf, before slowly fading to black over as it radiates away its remnant heat. The era of stars will be over. That 100 trillion years is 10,000 times the current age of the universe, and so the days of starlight and warmth have a way to go. But even when they are done, the universe will be young in comparison to the long, dark ages to follow. In fact our universe will spend almost all of its infinite time in darkness, slowly crawling towards maximum entropy and ultimate heat death.

Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters:

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Uploaded 12-08-19

This is a VR180 video so pop on your Google Cardboard or VR Headset to be totally immersed in our world! No headset? No problem. Move your mobile phone around and catch the total 180 experience. Have fun looking down from the catwalk!

How can you build a telescope that can see the entire night sky without moving its dish? Well in this special episode of Space Time we took a tour of the Arecibo Observatory with a VR 180 camera so you could explore the incredible ingenuity of Arecibo's giant spherical dish that allows it to reflect light from every spot on the sky in a symmetric way. We also talked to Dr. Abel Méndez about Exoplantes and Aliens!

Check out our interview with Dr. Abel Méndez about Finding Exoplanets and Talking to Aliens:
https://youtu.be/RrH9LwD1bx4

Hosted by Matt O’Dowd
Written by: Matt O’Dowd
Directed by: Eric Brown
Director of Photography: Eric Brouse
Sound: Brett Van Duesen
Editing: Brian Nils Johnson
Assistant Editing: Daniel Sircar
Produced By: Kornhaber Brown

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Uploaded 18-05-20

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This is a map of the multiverse. Or in physics-ese, it’s the maximally extended Penrose diagram of a Kerr spacetime. And in english: when you solve Einstein’s equations of general relativity for a rotating black hole, the universe does not come to an abrupt halt at the bottom of the gravitational pit. Instead, a path can be traced out again but you do not end up in the universe that you started in. Like I said, it’s a map of the multiverse.

Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Leonardo Scholzer, Yago Ballarini, and Pedro Osinski
Directed by: Andrew Kornhaber
Camera Operator: Bahaar Gholipour
Executive Producers: Eric Brown and Andrew Kornhaber

End Credits Music by J.R.S. Schattenberg: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCRl6-nb4iOnsij-vnpAjp0Q

#space #astrophysics #multiverse

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Uploaded 20-09-18

Between them, general relativity and quantum mechanics seem to describe all of observable reality.

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Previous Episode:
How Much Information is in the Universe?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxVlGAFX7vA

Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Luke Maroldi
Assistant Editing and Sound Design by Mike Petrow
Made by Kornhaber Brown (www.kornhaberbrown.com)

The first few decades of the 20th century was a time of miracles for physics. First, Einstein’s relativity utterly changed the way we think about space, time, motion and gravity. Then the quantum revolution of the 20s and 30s overturned all of our intuitions about the subatomic world. Together, general relativity and quantum mechanics have allowed us to explain nearly every fundamental phenomenon observed, and have predicted many unexpected phenomena that have since been verified. And yet the two theories contradict each other in fundamental ways. In the century since that golden era of physics, we’ve been trying to reconcile the two … without success. But today on space-time I’m going to begin our discussion of the great quest for this union – the quest for a theory of quantum gravity, and for a theory of everything.



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Donal Botkin
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Jordan Young
Joseph Salomone
Matthew O’Connor
Ratfeast

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Kevin Warne
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Shannan Catalano
سلطان الخليفي

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Uploaded 10-04-19

We live in a universe with 3 dimensions of space and one of time. Up, down, left, right, forward, back, past, future. 3+1 dimensions. Or so our primitive Pleistocene-evolved brains find it useful to believe. And we cling to this intuition, even as physics shows us that this view of reality may be only a very narrow perception. One of the most startling possibilities is that our 3+1 dimensional universe may better described as resulting from a spacetime one dimension lower – like a hologram projected from a surface infinitely far away.

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Need a Refresher to Fully Understand the Holographic Principle?
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLsPUh22kYmNCHVpiXDJyAcRJ8gluQtOJR

#holographicuniverse #holographicprinciple #spacetime

Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Aaron Halevy
Directing by Andrew Kornhaber

The holographic principle emerged from many subtle clues – clues discovered over decades of theoretical exploration of the universe. Over the past several months on Space Time, we’ve seen those close clues, and we’ve built a the foundations needed to glimpse the true meaning of the holographic principle. We’ve moved from quantum field theory to black hole thermodynamics to string theory. We’ve made a background playlist if you want to start from scratch, and I especially recommend catching last week’s episode. But this is tough material, so let’s do a review.

Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters:

Big Bang:
Anton Lifshits
coolascats
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Quasar:
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Vinnie Falco

Hypernova:
chuck zegar
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Jens Theisen
John Hofmann
Jordan Young
Joseph Salomone
kkm
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Matthew O'Connor

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James Hughes
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Jinal Doshi
JJ Bagnell
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Jon Folks
Jonah
Joseph Emison
Josh Thomas
Kenneth F Leonard
Kevin Warne
Kyle Hofer
Malte Ubl
Mark Vasile
Nathan Hitchings
Nicholas Rose
Nick Virtue
Ratfeast
Richard Broman
Scott Gossett
Sigurd Ruud Frivik
Tim Crookham
Tim Stephani
Tommy Mogensen
سلطان الخليفي

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Uploaded 07-02-19

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Email your answers to: [email protected]
With the subject heading: Negative Mass Challenge Question

Invisible to the naked eye, our night sky is scattered with the 100s of billions of galaxies the fill the known universe. Like the stars, these galaxies form constellations – hidden patterns that echo the reverberations of matter and light in an epoch long before galaxies ever formed. These are the baryon acoustic oscillations, and they may hold the key to understanding the nature of dark energy.

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Previous Episode: Why String Theory Is Wrong
https://youtu.be/IhpGdumLRqs

Hosted by Matt O'Dowd
Written by Matt O'Dowd
Graphics by Luke Maroldi
Directing by Andrew Kornhaber

The field of cosmology – the study of the universe on its largest scales – was once the least precise in all of astrophysics. The impossibly vast distances made accurate measurements near impossible. But as our telescopes and our techniques improved over the past few decades, things are now different. We live in the era of precision cosmology, in which we know to stunning detail the properties that govern the very birth, evolution, and end of our universe. We talked about one of those properties in a recent episode – the Hubble constant – and about a growing conflict in its measured value which hints at strange new physics. Today we’ll talk about another measurement that may help resolve this crisis: the baryon acoustic oscillations. They the fossils of the first sound waves in the universe, imprinted in the distribution of galaxies on the sky. And in these patterns we can read the expansion history of the universe.

Special thanks to our Patreon Big Bang, Quasar and Hypernova Supporters:

Big Bang:
Anton Lifshits
coolascats
David Nicklas
Fabrice Eap
Juan Benet
Justin Lloyd
Tim Davis

Quasar:
James Flowers
Mark Rosenthal
Tambe Barsbay
Vinnie Falco

Hypernova:
chuck zegar
Danton Spivey
Donal Botkin
Edmund Fokschaner
Jens Theisen
John Hofmann
Jordan Young
Joseph Salomone
kkm
Mark Heising
Matthew O'Connor

Thanks to our Patreon Gamma Ray Burst Supporters:

Alexey Eromenko
Antonio Ruiz
Bradley Jenkins
Brandon Labonte
Buruk Aregawi
Carlo Mogavero
Daniel Lyons
David Behtala
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David Schmidt
Dustan Jones
Geoffrey Short
Greg Weiss
Jack Frosch
James Hughes
James Quintero
Jinal Doshi
JJ Bagnell
John Webber
Jon Folks
Jonah
Joseph Emison
Josh Thomas
Kenneth F Leonard
Kevin Warne
Kyle Hofer
Malte Ubl
Mark Vasile
Nathan Hitchings
Nicholas Rose
Nick Virtue
Ratfeast
Richard Broman
Scott Gossett
Sigurd Ruud Frivik
Tim Crookham
Tim Stephani
Tommy Mogensen
سلطان الخليفي

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