As global crises collide — from Ukraine to Iran — how resilient is the transatlantic alliance, and what does it mean for the future of the war?
In this episode of Peace and Power Ukraine, host Gary Marx speaks with Gerlinde Groitl, political scientist and founder of the ISS Institute, for a wide-ranging discussion on NATO tensions, European policy divisions, and the broader geopolitical consequences of the Iran conflict.
Groitl explains how the Iran war exposed deep fractures within the transatlantic alliance, with European leaders divided on how to respond and frustrated by a lack of coordination with the United States. She argues that these divisions come at a critical moment — when unity is essential to sustaining support for Ukraine and countering Russia’s long-term strategy.
A major focus of the conversation is how the Iran conflict has reshaped the strategic landscape for Ukraine. While both Ukraine and Russia have seen short-term effects, Groitl makes the case that Russia has benefited more — particularly through increased energy revenues and by exploiting political divisions within NATO.
The discussion also covers:
• How the Iran conflict strained U.S.–Europe relations
• Why NATO unity is critical to Ukraine’s success
• How Russia exploits divisions within the West
• The short-term vs long-term outlook for Russia’s economy
• Why Russia’s strategy is opportunistic rather than coherent
• Ukraine’s growing ability to strike targets deep inside Russia
• How Ukraine is shifting from aid recipient to security partner
• What NATO is learning — and mislearning — from the war
• Germany’s defense buildup and the “Zeitenwende” shift
• Why European defense spending is rapidly increasing
• The political challenges of financing long-term support for Ukraine
• EU funding debates and the limits of joint debt solutions
• Hungary’s role in blocking aid and internal EU divisions
• Ukraine’s outreach to the Middle East and strategic partnerships
• Why the war ultimately comes down to a “contest of wills”
Groitl also emphasizes that while Russia faces long-term structural decline, its ability to exploit short-term Western divisions remains a serious threat to Ukraine’s position.
The episode closes with a broader reflection on the future of the transatlantic alliance: despite current tensions, Groitl argues that the United States and Europe remain each other’s most important partners — and that preserving unity will be essential in an increasingly unstable global environment.
00:00 — Intro + Gerlinde Groitl joins
00:33 — Background and ISS Institute overview
02:13 — Translating U.S.–Europe policy perspectives
04:55 — Iran conflict and transatlantic tensions
06:23 — Germany’s shifting position on Iran
07:44 — NATO unity under pressure
08:50 — Policy missteps and alliance friction
09:06 — Iran war impact on Ukraine
11:13 — Why Russia benefits from Western divisions
13:14 — Energy markets and Russia’s short-term gains
14:17 — Long-term outlook for Russia’s economy
16:25 — Russia’s opportunistic war strategy
17:41 — Ukraine’s growing military innovation
19:15 — Western support and “contest of wills”
21:26 — Ukraine as a future security partner
23:15 — Lessons (and limits) from Ukraine’s battlefield
24:46 — Germany’s military rebuild and defense spending
27:01 — NATO spending increases and long-term shift
27:49 — EU funding challenges and Ukraine aid
29:31 — Joint debt debate and political friction
31:15 — Hungary, EU divisions, and aid obstacles
32:12 — Ukraine’s Middle East outreach and partnerships
33:40 — Final thoughts: future of the transatlantic alliance
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