Pediagogy™

Help my kid has a UTI! Does cranberry juice have any benefit for UTIs? Find out with us in today’s episode about urinary tract infections (UTIs)! 

Follow us on Twitter/X @Pediagogypod and Instagram/Threads @pediagogy and connect with us at [email protected] 

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park, with content support from Dr. Natasha Nakra. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation. 

Key points: 

-A fever may be your only symptom in a young child with a UTI

-If you think it’s a UTI, get a clean specimen for culture. A positive culture has more than 50k CFUs/ml on a catheter sample and more than 100k CFUs/ml on a clean catch/void sample.

-Most common bacteria causing UTIs are E. coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Enterococcus, and Enterobacter

-Simple cystitis may only need 3-10 days of treatment depending on age, whereas pyelonephritis needs 10-14 days.

Sources

• 2021 AAP UTI Management: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/147/2/e2020012138/36243/Contemporary-Management-of-Urinary-Tract-Infection 
• 2016 AAP Reaffirmation of Clinical Guideline: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/138/6/e20163026/52686/Reaffirmation-of-AAP-Clinical-Practice-Guideline 
• UTI risk calculator: https://uticalc.pitt.edu/ 
• CDC Urine Culture Stewardship: https://www.cdc.gov/hai/prevent/cauti/index.html 
• 2023 UTI treatment duration: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2806198 
• 2012 Cranberry Juice for UTIs: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7027998/ 
• 2020 Comparative Effectiveness of Antibiotic Treatment Duration in Children With Pyelonephritis: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32364593/ 

Seizures can be scary and fevers aren't fun but we'll teach you why simple febrile seizures aren't so bad in this episode! 

Follow us on Twitter @Pediagogypod and connect with us at [email protected] 

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park, with content support from Dr. Shannon Liang, Dr. Lena van der List, and Dr. Su-Ting Li. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation. 

Key points: 

-Simple febrile seizures are generalized, less than 15 minutes, and occur no more than once in a 24-hour period. 

-No work-up or treatment is recommended for simple febrile seizures 

Supplemental information 

2011 AAP Pediatrics guidelines: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/127/2/389/65189/Febrile-Seizures-Guideline-for-the-Neurodiagnostic  

2019 AAP Pediatrics - Post Vaccination Febrile Seizure Severity and Outcome https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/143/5/e20182120/37133/Postvaccination-Febrile-Seizure-Severity-and 

2010 AAP Pediatrics - MMRV Combination Vaccine and the Risk of Febrile Seizures: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/126/1/e1/68346/Measles-Mumps-Rubella-Varicella-Combination 

Learn about management of newborn jaundice in our 2-part series. 

Follow us on Twitter @Pediagogypod and connect with us at [email protected] 

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park, with content support from Dr. Daphne Say, Dr. Lena van der List, and Dr. Su-Ting Li. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation. 

Key points: 

-Unconjugated bilirubin is fat soluble so can cross the blood brain barrier and cause kernicterus 

-Check bilirubin levels at least every 24 hours while a newborn is first hospitalized 

-New AAP guidelines on hyperbilirubinemia management raised phototherapy and exchange transfusion thresholds 

-Transcutaneous bilirubin monitoring has a +/- 3 margin of error

Supplemental Information 

2022 AAP Pediatrics Guidelines: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/150/3/e2022058859/188726/Clinical-Practice-Guideline-Revision-Management-of?autologincheck=redirected  

2012 Journal of Perinatology – Hyperbilirubinemia in Infants < 35 weeks gestation:  https://www.nature.com/articles/jp201271#Tab1  

2014 AAP Pediatrics - Transcutaneous Bilirubin After Phototherapy in Term and Preterm Infants https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/134/5/e1324/75870/Transcutaneous-Bilirubin-After-Phototherapy-in?autologincheck=redirected 

In the first installment of this 2-part episode, we break down the causes of unconjugated (indirect) and conjugated (direct) hyperbilirubinemia. 

Follow us on Twitter @Pediagogypod and connect with us at [email protected] 

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park, with content support from Dr. Daphne Say, Dr. Lena van der List, and Dr. Su-Ting Li. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation. 

Key points: 

-Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia causes are due to increased bilirubin production, decreased liver conjugation, or decreased clearance 

-Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia can be due to outflow or transport problem, infection, metabolic disorders, liver dysfunction, and parenteral nutrition 

-Always consider biliary atresia in a newborn with pale white stools. The earlier the surgical treatment, the better outcomes 



Supplemental Information 

2017 Pediatrics in Review - Jaundice: Newborn to Age 2 months https://publications.aap.org/pediatricsinreview/article/38/11/499/35001/Jaundice-Newborn-to-Age-2-Months?autologincheck=redirected 

Join us today where we discuss one of the most common causes of microcytic anemia in pediatric patients. 

Follow us on Twitter @Pediagogypod and connect with us at [email protected] 

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park, with content support from Dr. Anjali Pawar, Dr. Lena van der List, and Dr. Su-Ting Li. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation. 

Key points: 

-Excessive milk consumption inhibits iron absorption. Limit to 16-24 oz/day  

-Iron supplementation dosing depends on gestational age and major food source. Prevention vs treatment dosing also differ. 

-Mentzer index greater than 13 indicates iron deficiency anemia 

Supplemental information 

2010 AAP Pediatrics guidelines: https://publications.aap.org/pediatrics/article/126/5/1040/65343/Diagnosis-and-Prevention-of-Iron-Deficiency-and?autologincheck=redirected  

2020 JAMA Network – vitamin C and irom deficiency anemia: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2772395#:~:text=Vitamin%20C%20is%20the%20only,shown%20to%20promote%20iron%20absorption.&text=Iron%20absorption%20occurs%20predominantly%20in,small%20intestine%20mucosal%20epithelial%20cells 

2017 AAP Pediatrics in Review – infant nutrition: https://publications.aap.org/pediatricsinreview/article/38/10/449/32000/Updates-in-Infant-Nutrition 

2014 Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment – iron deficiency anemia and cognitive function: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4235202/  

In this hot topic summer episode, listeners will learn about the management of infectious gastroenteritis. 

Follow us on Twitter @Pediagogypod   

This episode was written by Dr. Tammy Yau and Dr. Lidia Park, with content support from Dr. Christopher Kim, Dr. Lena van der List, and Dr. Su-Ting Li. Drs. Tammy and Lidia take full responsibility for any errors or misinformation. 

Key points: 

-Gastroenteritis is a major cause of pediatric morbidity annually due to dehydration 

-Learn about oral rehydration with balanced electrolyte solutions vs water or sports drinks 

-Understand why we avoid testing and antibiotics 

-Other supportive measures that are available 

Supplemental information 

2012 AAP Pediatrics in Review: https://publications.aap.org/pediatricsinreview/article/33/11/487/34685/Acute-Gastroenteritis?autologincheck=redirected