Highlighting the current state of translational research and clinical trials. The texts establish that conventional stroke treatments have reached a **therapeutic plateau**, making regenerative medicine, particularly cell transplantation, a crucial area of investigation. Specific cell types are discussed, including **Bone Marrow-Derived Mononuclear Cells (BMMNCs)**, **Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs)**, and **Neural Stem Cells (NSCs)**, detailing their mechanisms of action, such as promoting angiogenesis, modulating inflammation, and inducing endogenous repair. The sources also analyze critical practical aspects for clinical application, such as the **optimal transplantation route, cell dose, and timing**, and the necessity of **functional bio-imaging** techniques and **biomaterial scaffolds** to enhance cell survival and efficacy.
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