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Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce 184e épisode, Nicolas, Olivier et Amélie discutent d’hypertrophie bénigne de la prostate, plus particulièrement de ses traitements pharmacologiques.
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
Jung JH, et coll. Silodosin for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Nov 22;11(11):CD012615.
Chapple CR, et coll; European Silodosin Study Group. Silodosin therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms in men with suspected benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of an international, randomized, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled clinical trial performed in Europe. Eur Urol. 2011 Mar;59(3):342-52.
McConnell JD, et coll; Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) Research Group. The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 18;349(25):2387-98.
Kim JH, et coll. Efficacy and safety of 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor monotherapy in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia: A meta-analysis. PLoS One. 2018 Oct 3;13(10):e0203479.
Andersen JT, et coll. Finasteride significantly reduces acute urinary retention and need for surgery in patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 1997 Jun;49(6):839-45.
McConnell JD, et coll The effect of finasteride on the risk of acute urinary retention and the need for surgical treatment among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Finasteride Long-Term Efficacy and Safety Study Group. N Engl J Med. 1998 Feb 26;338(9):557-63.
Jun JEJ, Kinkade A, Tung ACH, Tejani AM. 5α-Reductase Inhibitors for Treatment of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Can J Hosp Pharm. 2017 Mar-Apr;70(2):113-119.
Fwu CW, et coll. Change in sexual function in men with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia associated with long-term treatment with doxazosin, finasteride and combined therapy. J Urol. 2014 Jun;191(6):1828-34.
Andriole GL, et coll.; REDUCE Study Group. Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2010 Apr 1;362(13):1192-202.
Thompson IM, et coll. The influence of finasteride on the development of prostate cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jul 17;349(3):215-24.
Thompson IM Jr, et coll. Long-term survival of participants in the prostate cancer prevention trial. N Engl J Med. 2013 Aug 15;369(7):603-10.
Roehrborn CG, et coll.; CombAT Study Group. The effects of combination therapy with dutasteride and tamsulosin on clinical outcomes in men with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia: 4-year results from the CombAT study. Eur Urol. 2010 Jan;57(1):123-31.
Barkin J, et coll. Alpha-blocker therapy can be withdrawn in the majority of men following initial combination therapy with the dual 5alpha-reductase inhibitor dutasteride. Eur Urol. 2003 Oct;44(4):461-6.
Baldwin KC, et coll. Discontinuation of alpha-blockade after initial treatment with finasteride and doxazosin in men with lower urinary tract symptoms and clinical evidence of benign prostatic hyperplasia. Urology. 2001 Aug;58(2):203-9.
Porst H, et coll; LVHJ study team. Efficacy and safety of tadalafil once daily in the treatment of men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: results of an international randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Eur Urol. 2011 Nov;60(5):1105-13.
Pattanaik S, et coll. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms consistent with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 Nov 16;11(11):CD010060.
Oelke M, Giuliano F, Mirone V, Xu L, Cox D, Viktrup L. Monotherapy with tadalafil or tamsulosin similarly improved lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia in an international, randomised, parallel, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Eur Urol. 2012 May;61(5):917-25.
Lenfant L, et coll. Role of Antimuscarinics Combined With Alpha-blockers in the Management of Urinary Storage Symptoms in Patients With Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Urol. 2023 Feb;209(2):314-324.
Su S, et coll The efficacy and safety of mirabegron on overactive bladder induced by benign prostatic hyperplasia in men receiving tamsulosin therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020 Jan;99(4):e18802.
Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce premier d’une série de deux épisodes sur l’hyperplasie bénigne de la prostate, Nicolas, Olivier et Amélie discutent d’évaluation, de mesures non-pharmacologiques et commencent à jaser de traitements.
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
Wei JT, Dauw CA, Brodsky CN. Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms in Men: A Review. JAMA. 2025 Sep 2;334(9):809-821.
Elterman D, et coll. UPDATE – Canadian Urological Association guideline: Male lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostatic hyperplasia. Can Urol Assoc J. 2022 Aug;16(8):245-256.
Goueli R, et coll. Management of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Attributed to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: AUA Guideline (2026) Part I: Presentation and Evaluation. J Urol. 2026 Aug;216(2):143-151.
McConnell JD, et coll; Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) Research Group. The long-term effect of doxazosin, finasteride, and combination therapy on the clinical progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia. N Engl J Med. 2003 Dec 18;349(25):2387-98.
Platz EA, et coll. Incidence and progression of lower urinary tract symptoms in a large prospective cohort of United States men. J Urol. 2012 Aug;188(2):496-501.
Kumar A, et coll. Self-management interventions for men with lower urinary tract symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2025 Apr;131:105742.
Brown CT, et coll. Self management for men with lower urinary tract symptoms: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2007 Jan 6;334(7583):25.
Franco JV, et coll Serenoa repens for the treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic enlargement. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2023 Jun 22;6(6):CD001423.
Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce 181e épisode, Nicolas, Olivier, Amélie et une invitée d’expérience poursuivent leur discussion sur la dermatite atopique en pédiatrie. Cette deuxième partie est consacrée aux autres traitements topiques que les corticostéroïdes et aux traitements systémiques.
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
AAAAI/ACAAI JTF Atopic Dermatitis Guideline Panel; Chu DK, et coll. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) guidelines: 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE- and Institute of Medicine-based recommendations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024 Mar;132(3):274-312.
Davis DM, et coll. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2026 Apr. 3e1-26.
Chu DK, et coll. Topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 Dec;152(6):1493-1519.
Luger T, Chu CY, Elgendy A, Ibrahim SBBK, Murashkin N, Ranjan S, Zhao Z. Pimecrolimus 1% cream for mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on children and sensitive skin areas. Eur J Dermatol. 2023 Oct 1;33(5):474-486.
Cury Martins J, et coll Topical tacrolimus for atopic dermatitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Jul 1;2015(7):CD009864.
Paller AS, et coll. Efficacy and safety of crisaborole ointment, a novel, nonsteroidal phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitor for the topical treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD) in children and adults. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2016 Sep;75(3):494-503.e6.
Simpson EL, et coll. Roflumilast Cream, 0.15%, for Atopic Dermatitis in Adults and Children: INTEGUMENT-1 and INTEGUMENT-2 Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Dermatol. 2024 Nov 1;160(11):1161-1170. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2024.3121.
Eichenfield LF, et coll. Efficacy and safety of ruxolitinib cream in children aged 2 to 11 years with atopic dermatitis: Results from TRuE-AD3, a phase 3, randomized double-blind study. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2025 Sep;93(3):689-698.
Silverberg JI, et coll. Tapinarof cream 1% once daily: Significant efficacy in the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults and children down to 2 years of age in the pivotal phase 3 ADORING trials. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2024 Sep;91(3):457-465.
Paller AS, et coll. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab with concomitant topical corticosteroids in children 6 to 11 years old with severe atopic dermatitis: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2020 Nov;83(5):1282-1293.
Paller AS, et coll. Efficacy and Safety of Tralokinumab in Adolescents With Moderate to Severe Atopic Dermatitis: The Phase 3 ECZTRA 6 Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Dermatol. 2023 Jun 1;159(6):596-605.
Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce 180e épisode, Nicolas, Olivier, Amélie et une invitée d’expérience débutent une série de deux épisodes sur la dermatite atopique en pédiatrie. Cette première partie est consacrée à l’évaluation, au diagnostic et à la prise en charge de la dermatite atopique, ainsi que sur l’efficacité et l’innocuité des corticostéroïdes topiques.
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
Langan SM, Irvine AD, Weidinger S. Atopic dermatitis. Lancet. 2020 Aug 1;396(10247):345-360.
Ständer S. Atopic Dermatitis. N Engl J Med. 2021 Mar 25;384(12):1136-1143.
AAAAI/ACAAI JTF Atopic Dermatitis Guideline Panel; Chu DK, et coll. Atopic dermatitis (eczema) guidelines: 2023 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology/American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology Joint Task Force on Practice Parameters GRADE- and Institute of Medicine-based recommendations. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol. 2024 Mar;132(3):274-312.
Davis DM, et coll. Guidelines of care for the management of atopic dermatitis in pediatric patients. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2026 Apr. 3e1-26.
Chu DK, et coll. Topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (eczema): Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2023 Dec;152(6):1493-1519.
Bradshaw L, et coll. Weekly versus daily bathing for people with eczema: results of the Eczema Bathing online randomized controlled trial. Br J Dermatol. 2026 Feb 18;194(3):450-460.
Santer M, et coll. Emollient bath additives for the treatment of childhood eczema (BATHE): multicentre pragmatic parallel group randomised controlled trial of clinical and cost effectiveness. BMJ. 2018 May 3;361:k1332.
van Zuuren EJ, Fedorowicz Z, Christensen R, Lavrijsen A, Arents BWM. Emollients and moisturisers for eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017 Feb 6;2(2):CD012119.
Ridd MJ, et coll. Effectiveness and safety of lotion, cream, gel, and ointment emollients for childhood eczema: a pragmatic, randomised, phase 4, superiority trial. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2022 Aug;6(8):522-532.
Lax SJ, et coll. Strategies for using topical corticosteroids in children and adults with eczema. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2022 Mar 11;3(3):CD013356.
Axon E, et coll. Safety of topical corticosteroids in atopic eczema: an umbrella review. BMJ Open. 2021 Jul 7;11(7):e046476
Wood Heickman LK, Davallow Ghajar L, Conaway M, Rogol AD. Evaluation of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Suppression following Cutaneous Use of Topical Corticosteroids in Children: A Meta-Analysis. Horm Res Paediatr. 2018;89(6):389-396.
Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce 178e épisode, Nicolas, Olivier et Amélie tentent de pondre des réponses un tant soi peu intelligentes à vos excellentes questions. Nous discutons d’ajustement de lévothyroxine, du suivi des IECA/ARA, du rôle de la cariprazine et de l’impact des inhibiteurs du SGLT-2 sur le magnésium.
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
Jonklaas J, et coll; American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the american thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement. Thyroid. 2014 Dec;24(12):1670-751.
Van Uytfanghe K, et coll. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Thyroid Hormones (Triiodothyronine and Thyroxine): An American Thyroid Association-Commissioned Review of Current Clinical and Laboratory Status. Thyroid. 2023 Sep;33(9):1013-1028.
Ravensberg J, et coll. Discontinuation of Levothyroxine in Adults Aged 60 Years or Older. JAMA. 2026 Apr 6;335(17):1491–8.
RPE de néphrologie de l’APES. Place des IECA et des ARA dans le traitement de la maladie rénale chronique. Septembre 2025.
Bhandari S, et coll; STOP ACEi Trial Investigators. Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibition in Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med. 2022 Dec 1;387(22):2021-2032.
Clase CM, et coll. Acute change in glomerular filtration rate with inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system does not predict subsequent renal and cardiovascular outcomes. Kidney Int 2017;91:683-90.
Garlo KG, et coll. Association of changes in creatinine and potassium levels after initiation of renin angiotensin aldosterone system inhibitors with emergency department visits, hospitalizations, and mortality in individuals with chronic kidney disease. JAMA Netw Open 2018;1:e183874.
Monographie de produit, Abbvie. VRAYLAR (cariprazine). Canada, 6 mars 2024.
Barabassy A, et coll. Transdiagnostic Efficacy of Cariprazine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy Across Ten Symptom Domains. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Jul 2;18(7):995.
Németh G, et coll. Cariprazine versus risperidone monotherapy for treatment of predominant negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia: a randomised, double-blind, controlled trial. Lancet. 2017 Mar 18;389(10074):1103-1113.
Fava M, et coll. Efficacy of adjunctive low-dose cariprazine in major depressive disorder: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2018 Nov;33(6):312-321.
Durgam S, et coll. Efficacy and safety of adjunctive cariprazine in inadequate responders to antidepressants: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adult patients with major depressive disorder. J Clin Psychiatry. 2016 Mar;77(3):371-8.
Barabassy A, Csehi R, Dombi ZB, Szatmári B, Brevig T, Németh G. Transdiagnostic Efficacy of Cariprazine: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Efficacy Across Ten Symptom Domains. Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Jul 2;18(7):995.
Zhang J, et coll. Comparative Effects of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors on Serum Electrolyte Levels in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Pairwise and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Kidney360. 2022 Jan 19;3(3):477-487.
Toto RD, et coll. Correction of hypomagnesemia by dapagliflozin in patients with type 2 diabetes: A post hoc analysis of 10 randomized, placebo-controlled trials. J Diabetes Complications. 2019 Oct;33(10):107402.
Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce 177e épisode, Nicolas, Olivier et Amélie discutent de cholestérol, des nouvelles lignes directrices de l’AHA sur la dyslipidémie et de l’étude Ez-PAVE.
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
Blumenthal RS, et coll. 2026 ACC/AHA/AACVPR/ABC/ACPM/ADA/AGS/APhA/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline on the Management of Dyslipidemia: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2026 May 19;87(19):2624-2757.
Silverman MG, Ference BA, Im K, Wiviott SD, Giugliano RP, Grundy SM, Braunwald E, Sabatine MS. Association Between Lowering LDL-C and Cardiovascular Risk Reduction Among Different Therapeutic Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2016 Sep 27;316(12):1289-97.
Barter PJ, et coll; ILLUMINATE Investigators. Effects of torcetrapib in patients at high risk for coronary events. N Engl J Med. 2007 Nov 22;357(21):2109-22.
Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group. MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2002 Jul 6;360(9326):7-22.
Amarenco P, et coll; Treat Stroke to Target Investigators. A Comparison of Two LDL Cholesterol Targets after Ischemic Stroke. N Engl J Med. 2020 Jan 2;382(1):9.
Hong SJ, et coll; LODESTAR Investigators. Treat-to-Target or High-Intensity Statin in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2023 Apr 4;329(13):1078-1087.
Lee YJ, et coll; Ez-PAVE Investigators. Intensive LDL Cholesterol Targeting in Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. N Engl J Med. 2026 Apr 9;394(14):1365-1375.
Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce 176e épisode, Nicolas, Olivier et Amélie discutent de VIH et de PrEP injectable.
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
Baril JG et coll. La prophylaxie préexposition au virus de l’immunodéficience humaine : Guide pour les professionnels de la santé du Québec. Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux. Janvier 2019.
Monographie de produit. Apretude (cabotégravir). Canada. 10 mai 2024.
Landovitz RJ, et coll; HPTN 083 Study Team. Cabotegravir for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Men and Transgender Women. N Engl J Med. 2021 Aug 12;385(7):595-608.
Delany-Moretlwe S, et coll; HPTN 084 study group. Cabotegravir for the prevention of HIV-1 in women: results from HPTN 084, a phase 3, randomised clinical trial. Lancet. 2022 May 7;399(10337):1779-1789.
Monographie de produit. Yeztugo (lenacapavir). USA. 06/2025.
Bekker LG, et coll; PURPOSE 1 Study Team. Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir or Daily F/TAF for HIV Prevention in Cisgender Women. N Engl J Med. 2024 Oct 3;391(13):1179-1192.
Kelley CF, et coll; PURPOSE 2 Study Team. Twice-Yearly Lenacapavir for HIV Prevention in Men and Gender-Diverse Persons. N Engl J Med. 2025 Apr 3;392(13):1261-1276.
Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce 174e épisode, Nicolas, Olivier et Amélie discutent d’un nouveau médicament fort controversé et indiqué pour la maladie d’Alzheimer : le lécanémab!
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
van Dyck CH, et coll. Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. N Engl J Med. 2023 Jan 5;388(1):9-21.
Cohen S, et coll. Lecanemab Clarity AD: Quality-of-Life Results from a Randomized, Double-Blind Phase 3 Trial in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. J Prev Alzheimers Dis. 2023;10(4):771-777.
van Dyck CH, et collL. Long-term safety and efficacy of lecanemab in early Alzheimer’s disease: Results from the clarity AD open-label extension study. Alzheimers Dement. 2025 Dec;21(12):e70905.
Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce 173e épisode, Nicolas, Olivier et Amélie discutent de la prise en charge de l’hypothyroïdie dans divers contextes: hypothyroïdie subclinique, personnes âgées, grossesse, et plus encore!
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
Moon S, et coll. Subclinical Hypothyroidism and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies. Thyroid. 2018 Sep;28(9):1101-1110.
Stott DJ, et coll.; TRUST Study Group. Thyroid Hormone Therapy for Older Adults with Subclinical Hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med. 2017 Jun 29;376(26):2534-2544.
Feller M, et coll. Association of Thyroid Hormone Therapy With Quality of Life and Thyroid-Related Symptoms in Patients With Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA. 2018 Oct 2;320(13):1349-1359.
Ringel MD, et coll. 2025 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2025 Aug;35(8):841-985
Thyroid Disease in Pregnancy: ACOG Practice Bulletin, Number 223. Obstet Gynecol. 2020 Jun;135(6):e261-e274.
Sankoda A, et coll. Effects of Levothyroxine Treatment on Fertility and Pregnancy Outcomes in Subclinical Hypothyroidism: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Thyroid. 2024 Apr;34(4):519-530.
Casey BM, et coll; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units Network. Treatment of Subclinical Hypothyroidism or Hypothyroxinemia in Pregnancy. N Engl J Med. 2017 Mar 2;376(9):815-825.
Negro R, et coll. Universal screening versus case finding for detection and treatment of thyroid hormonal dysfunction during pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Apr;95(4):1699-707.
Ringel MD, et coll. 2025 American Thyroid Association Management Guidelines for Adult Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer. Thyroid. 2025 Aug;35(8):841-985.
Un nouvel épisode du Pharmascope est disponible! Dans ce 172e épisode, Nicolas, Olivier et Amélie discutent d’un problème très commun… L’hypothyroïdie! Cette première partie est consacrée à l’évaluation, le diagnostic et la prise en charge de l’hypothyroïdie.
Les objectifs pour cet épisode sont les suivants:
Ressources pertinentes en lien avec l’épisode
Jonklaas J, et coll; American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the american thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement. Thyroid. 2014 Dec;24(12):1670-751.
Chaker L, et coll. Hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2022 May 19;8(1):30. doi: 10.1038/s41572-022-00357-7.
Wilson SA, Stem LA, Bruehlman RD. Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment. Am Fam Physician. 2021 May 15;103(10):605-613.
Chaker L, Papaleontiou M. Hypothyroidism: A Review. JAMA. 2025 Sep 3.
Hollowell JG, et coll. Serum TSH, T(4), and thyroid antibodies in the United States population (1988 to 1994): National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002 Feb;87(2):489-99.
McCormack JP, Holmes DT. Your results may vary: the imprecision of medical measurements. BMJ. 2020 Feb 20;368:m149.
Pollock MA, et coll. Thyroxine treatment in patients with symptoms of hypothyroidism but thyroid function tests within the reference range: randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover trial. BMJ. 2001 Oct 20;323(7318):891-5.
Chen Y, Tai HY. Levothyroxine in the treatment of overt or subclinical hypothyroidism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Endocr J. 2020 Jul 28;67(7):719-732.
Roos A, et coll. The starting dose of levothyroxine in primary hypothyroidism treatment: a prospective, randomized, double-blind trial. Arch Intern Med. 2005 Aug 8-22;165(15):1714-20.
da Rocha BS, et coll. Effects of timing and scheduling in levothyroxine adherence to hypothyroidism control: Meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials. Endocrine. 2025 Jul;89(1):52-61.
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