In August 2023, I wrote Called to Dominion in a World of Domination as a reflection on how we mask our tendency to dominate behind playfulness or necessity. A great list of happenings over recent weeks brings it to mind as still very relevant. Maybe even more relevant right now than ever. Ongoing hostilities between sovereign nations highlights tensions over trade, territory, and worldview, as countries of all sizes posture to assert their place in the world pecking order. We can’t seem to outrun the timeless themes of power and ambition within the political dynamics of humans trying to assert themselves over each other. The international gyrations mirror their domestic kin as we see the same dynamics played out in markets, courthouses, legislatures, boardrooms, and even our homes.
This week’s election of Pope Leo XIV brought an interesting inflection point in the headlines as the world first watched to see who the next Pope would be and then quickly shifted to speculation as to what kind of leader he would be. Cardinal Robert Prevost’s selection of “Leo” as his papal name is loaded with meaning and implications on his sense of calling as he walks into his role as shepherd of the Catholic Church. For purposes of this post, I want to briefly focus on the connection of the name “Leo” to lion and the concept of dominion.
Pope Leo XIII, elected in 1878, was the first leader of the Catholic Church since the 8th Century to begin his Pontificate in a Papal State no longer a worldly kingdom. With the unification of Italian city states into the Kingdom of Italy and ensuing fall of the Papal States as a sovereign nation in 1871, the domain of the Church no longer included the temporal rule of territory and people. The Catholic Church was no longer a “worldly” power in a geo-political sense, its reduction re-centering it as a purely “spiritual” power.
As the “King of the Jungle,” the lion has long held a place in our imaginations as the majestic leader of the animal world. In the context of a Papal State bereft of armies and territory, the notion of “king” had shifted from one with the ability to project power in a worldly sense, to one of exerting influence through a purely moral and spiritual authority. Without worldly power, the ruler of the Papal State no longer had the ability, or the temptation, to assert geo-political interests, leaving the Papacy and subsequent Pontiffs, with the sole priority of spiritual leadership of a growing Church. The “king” was left with the mission of dominion – stewardship of the Catholic Church.
In the biblical sense, dominion is about care and stewardship, not domination or control. With power, we tend toward domination, the assertion of our will over the will of the other. I was reminded of this as I watched a group of young boys calling each other names the other day. Though guised in the form of playful joking, the name calling primarily centered on one of the boys and was ultimately bullying, dominating, behavior.
Power is a necessary force in our world. Leaders have a responsibility to protect those within their domain and advocate for the interests of those they represent. At it’s best, this power is wielded in a spirit of dominion – one of stewardship for the great responsibility given. At it’s worst, it becomes focused on domination, sometimes by one nation over another, sometimes by one group over another, and sometimes by one individual over another. The temptation to lord such power over others will never go away and most will fail at one level or another to moderate it. The greatest hedge against such temptation is to be properly centered, to rightly order one’s priorities to a good beyond him or herself.
The 1871 loss of land and worldly power by the Papal States was a Providential gift to the Catholic Church and to the world. The removal of the distraction of temporal power liberated a spiritual power that has been a force for great good over the last 150 years. In the transition, the Church’s center became more clear and its power became rightly ordered solely to the spiritual stewardship of the souls within it for the good of all nations.
We all hold a kingly responsibility for our domain, those within it, and those it serves. Rightly-centered, we can act as steward of that great responsibility, using our powers for good in the service of others rather than simply for self. The lion is a powerful image for this sense of dominion and noble purpose beyond our own desires. The world hasn’t changed much since man was given dominion over it and first became tempted to dominate. Neither has the call to virtue in that dominion.