A defender of metaphysical realism, Donald Cary Williams tackled the problem of induction in bold ways. Was he successful? AI-generated content.

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For John Locke, real and nominal essences explain how we classify the world. But does his distinction still hold up in modern philosophy? AI-generated content

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Does meaning come from truth or from the rules of inference? Proof-theoretic semantics challenges classical views of language and logic. AI-generated content

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Knowing how to do something isn’t the same as knowing that something is true. But is there a deeper distinction? AI-generated content.

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Why do we laugh? From superiority to incongruity, philosophers have long tried to explain humor. But do their theories hold up? AI-generated content

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We live in the Information Age—but what is information? This episode breaks down the philosophical theories behind data, knowledge, and meaning. AI-generated content.

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Can faith alone lead to enlightenment? Pure Land Buddhism offers a radical answer—one that reshapes traditional Buddhist philosophy. AI-generated content.

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Do words like "water," "furniture," or "sand" refer to objects, or something more abstract? This episode explores the philosophical puzzles of mass expressions. AI-generated content.

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In the 17th century, Lucrezia Marinella challenged male philosophers and defended women’s intellectual and moral superiority. Was she ahead of her time, or timeless? AI-generated content.

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Islamic philosophers preserved, expanded, and challenged classical metaphysics. This episode unpacks their lasting impact on philosophy itself. AI-generated content.

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