Since the early days of the Church, Christians have struggled to
come to terms with Christ's words of peace and His example of peace. In
Christ's life, as recorded in the New Testament, it is striking that He
neither killed anyone nor summoned any of His disciples to kill. Indeed,
the final miracle Christ performed before His execution was to heal an
enemy's wound, an injury caused by the Apostle Peter in an attempt to
defend his master. Yet, in the course of more than twenty centuries of
Christian history, we see Christians often involved in war and, in
surveying the calendar of saints, find not only those who refused to
take part in war but also those who served in the military, though no
one has been canonized due to his skill as a soldier. Besides the
millions of Christians who have fought in armies, often against fellow
Christians, we also find many priests, bishops and theologians who have
advocated war and blessed its weapons. Our subject is an urgent one.
Many people today live either near conflict areas or are directly
touched by war or in areas where terrorist actions may suddenly occur.
Everyone on the planet is in some way affected by wars in progress or
wars in the making as well as the consequences of wars in the past.
Every day thousands of Christians struggle in thought and prayer with
some of the most difficult of questions: May I fight injustice by
violent methods? Am I allowed to kill in combat? Are there limits on
what I can do in the defense of my country? Am I as a Christian allowed
to disobey demands that I believe are unjust or violate the Gospel? When
the demands of my country seem at odds with the demands of the Kingdom
of God, how do I respond to this conflict? Rarely do we find easy
answers to these and similar questions. Thus, those of us in the
Orthodox Christian tradition search for help in Holy Scripture, the
canons provided to us by ecumenical councils, the witness of the saints,
the writing of the Fathers of the Church as well as theologians of
recent times. Imitation of saintly forebears alone, however, will not
solve our problems. Different eras have adopted different attitudes.
Also many of today's problems never existed before, not least the
changed character of war in an era of weapons of mass destruction,
terrorism and mass propaganda. Yet knowledge of the thought and action
undertaken by the Orthodox Churches on the issues of war and peace in
recent decades surely can help us find ways out of the dead ends that
many communities are experiencing today. This is the aim of this book.