The record of physicians standing up for their values as healers under authoritarian regimes is not good, whether it's Nazi Germany, the former Soviet Union, or Iraq, with behaviors ranging from assisting in torture, to psychiatric hospitalization for political reasons. And sadly, it's often without any coercion.

More subtly, physicians may go along with authoritarian regimes' demands, thinking they can just "stay above the fray." But is that possible? Already, other professional institutions, including academia and law, have struck deals in the hope they they can move on, rather than defend academic freedom or long-standing legal principles.

What's in store for medicine? Some might say "not much" -- physicians must simply continue to take good care of their patients. But some are already acceding to orders to abandon care to certain populations, including trans people and refugees; or to compromise privacy. And professional organizations are saying little about looming cuts that would curtail access to care for millions of Americans.

One scholar of authoritarianism, Timothy Snyder has written, "When political leaders set a negative example, professional commitments to just practice become more important. Authoritarians need obedient servants."

In this episode, two physicians wrestle with what those commitments are, and how we hold on to them.