The year 2023 saw seismic shifts in South Africa's political discourse.
The state of the African National Congress is perilous, to say the least, and it's facing a major onslaught from opposition parties who have been chipping away at its core support.
Cadre deployment, loadshedding and State corruption are some of the ANC's major challenges, with the Democratic Alliance the loudest voice in making this known to the country.
The DA held an elective conference early in the year, where incumbent leader John Steenhuisen solidified his support.
It was at the same conference during which the idea of a unified opposition emerged. Known first as the moonshot pact, it evolved into what is now known as the Multi-Party Charter.
Political analysts, however, believe the DA is still hamstrung by its own internal challenges.
The DA's coalitions at local government have been somewhat of a damp squib - and, while it governs the City of Cape Town with a majority, it was unsuccessful in Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth and Ekurhuleni.
The only success it attained was the coalition agreement in the City of Tshwane.
Political analyst Mpumelelo Mkhabela said the DA's internal elections were a success, but not without drama.
"The person who contested John Steenhuisen subsequently left the position as councillor of Johannesburg. She is now no longer active in party activities. One can claim the ramifications of that contestation led to Mpho [Phalatse] being out in the cold. The fact that, soon after that congress, she left, and there was no post-conference reconciliation after a brutal battle," he said.
They eventually managed to form a stable coalition in Pretoria. They managed to work together with other parties. They learned an important lesson: to humble themselves and work with other parties. Under [Tshwane Mayor] Cilliers Brink, there is some stability there.
"In Ekurhuleni, it had to succumb to the ANC and Economic Freedom Fighters coalition - similarly, in the City of Joburg. The DA failed in Joburg because they could not accommodate the Patriotic Alliance (PA). That is the consequence of the fact that the PA has proven to be a problem for the DA, even in the Western Cape.
"The DA finds itself uncomfortable to go into a coalition with a party that is threatening it in other parts of the country. I think the DA disappointed its coalition partners, like ActionSA, primarily because it can't have the PA in the same coalition."
Also, in the Nelson Mandela Bay metro, there were setbacks.
"They have succeeded in holding one coalition and have failed in three others," Mkhabela said.
Steenhuisen said that, when he came into the leadership role, he inherited a party that was 12% at the polls.
"The leader had just walked off the job and trotted all over the party as he walked out the door. It was met with headlines from, ironically, News24, which famously said it was the death of the DA. Well, here we are in 2023, on the cusp of an election where the DA is up in the polls.
"Nobody talks about the next government in South Africa without talking about the DA. That is not bad for a party that was destroyed and written off as dead," he said.
According to Steenhuisen, the DA will be the second-largest party in the country.
"We will be, as we currently sit just 7% away from the ANC, with the opportunity that, if things go right, we will overtake them. Where we govern, we have been able to deliver for South Africans. We have not spoken about creating jobs and pushing more people into the unemployment line. What we do, backs up our offer to South Africans. You [are] going to need a strong DA to rescue South Africa," he said.
Political analyst Daniel Silke said the DA still found it very difficult to break from its traditional support base.
"It has made some progress in communities in South Africa - but, numerically, they do not seem to have built on its percentage of the broader vote in South Africa. On their own, the party is rather stagnant in its popular sup...