Specific conditions, such as asthma, COPD, pneumothorax, pleural effusion, and environmental lung disorders, highlighting the unique characteristics of each, including risk factors, underlying mechanisms, symptoms, and treatment strategies.

Pulmonary vascular disorders, such as pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, and pulmonary hypertension, and concludes with a discussion of ARDS, a severe respiratory condition often associated with critical illness.