Jews fight and defend themselves and the festival is established for future history

Gemara Megilla 12b, Esther Rabba 4:12- seemingly contradictory statements of Chazal revolving around the first letters of Haman teach us a lesson in the relationship between spouses.

The second party turns the tides, Haman is hung and Mordechai is elevated, counteractive letters are sent supporting the Jews and nations become fearful of them

3 controversial actions performed/paskened by Rebbi

The mitzva of "simcha" is best achieved through gladdening those who need the extra support.

Reasons the Megilla is pushed back to previous week and other events are pushed forward to coming week when they occur on Shabbos

Esther approaches the king on day 3 of fast and initiates her plan with party 1 and then requests party 2, Haman wishes to kill Mordechai on gallows he built but conversely he is required to parade Mordechai around the city and then is rushed to party 2

True simcha is achieved through gladdening others, particularly those who need the extra support.

Conditions necessary to classify as big city and not village (and cannot read earlier), events that are pushed to following week (unlike Megilla reading)

Mordechai relates the immediacy of the need for Esther to plea with the king on behalf of the Jews and the Jews of Shushan begin to fast for 3 days in support of this dangerous mission to resolve the decree against them