Reason with Science

This episode is with Nicholas Christakis. He is the Sterling Professor  of Social and Natural Science at Yale University, where he directs the  Human Nature Lab. He is also the Co-Director of the Yale Institute for  Network Science. His research focuses on social networks and the  socioeconomic, biosocial, and evolutionary determinants of behavior,  health, and longevity.

Guest info: 

Website: https://humannaturelab.net/people/nicholas-christakis 

Twitter: https://twitter.com/NAChristakis 

Amazon:  https://www.amazon.com/s?i=stripbooks&rh=p_27%3ANicholas+A.+Christakis+MD++PhD&s=relevancerank&text=Nicholas+A.+Christakis+MD++PhD&ref=dp_byline_sr_book_1  

Episode links:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/the-evolutionary-origins-of-a-good-society-with-nicholas-christakis 

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61-cE2z-aWI 

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/2WjOykglFgmydegQ18QajI 

Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/the-evolutionary-origins-of-a-good-society-|-nicholas-christakis-|-reason-with-science-|-psychology/904d4179-7dc4-4a6f-b8c2-a5c13e520d7c 

Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/NDQ0NmFiMDUtMDI5ZS00NzAxLWFhNjYtMjQ3MjgxNTQ0YzBi?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjor4S5ybP9AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQQw

Follow Reason with Science:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/  

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience  

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh  

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894  

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw   

Timestamps: 

00:00:00 Introduction  

00:01:03 Major questions about human societies  

00:07:16 Importance of human social networks  

00:09:58 Nature- nurture debate   

00:14:15 The social suite  

00:16:06 Importance of the social society in creating a human society  

00:22:17 Going beyond the social suite in a society  

00:24:25 Extended phenotype and Exo-phenotype  

00:29:36 Exo-phenotype and Darwinian evolution 

00:30:30 Importance of an individual in a society  

00:34:48 In-group bias  

00:44:56 How much we can change 'In-group bias'?  

00:47:03 Robert Sapolsky's 'Categorical thinking'  

00:53:05 Life on Mars  

00:54:11 Importance of Mild hierarchies   

00:55:49 Mentorship  over Narcissism  

01:01:39 Love in human societies   

01:06:15 Morality   

01:09:11 Thank you!

This episode is with Chris Impey. He is a university Distinguished Professor of Astronomy at the  University of Arizona. For 17 years he was Deputy Head of the Astronomy  Department at the University of Arizona, and he is currently Associate  Dean of the College of Science. His research focuses on observational  cosmology—using telescopes and other instruments to study the  large-scale structure and evolution of the universe. Here we talk about Einstein's monsters, How do black holes form?, Types  of black holes?, Information paradox, Supernova, Dark matter and Dark  energy.

Guest info:

Website: http://chrisimpey-astronomy.com/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/ImpeyChris

Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/stores/Chris-Impey/author/B001IZXGTS?isDramIntegrated=true&ref=ap_rdr&shoppingPortalEnabled=true&store_ref=ap_rdr 

Episode links:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/physics-of-black-holes-with-chris-impey 

Youtube: https://youtu.be/n_0Wp0s39Es 

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/7juYOARFZeR2Z1lr7oA0Bw 

Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/physics-of-black-holes-with-chris-impey/a1ca48fd-09ea-438f-98c9-54bdfc907c8b 

Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/ZmI1MzU1NGItM2EyOC00NjAwLWFhYzItMGQ5YTgzN2RjYjE5?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjYy_zTm6H9AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQAQ

Follow Reason with Science: 

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Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience 

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh 

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw

This episode is with Abhay Ashtekar. He is Evan Pugh Professor of Physics at Penn State, where he also holds the Eberly Chair. In 1993, he founded the Institute of Gravitation and the Cosmos. Ashtekar’s scientific work focuses on theoretical aspects of general relativity, cosmology and quantum gravity. Here we talk about what is gravity?, loop quantum gravity, The big bang, The big bounce, Singularities, Black holes and gravitational waves.

Guest info: 

Website: https://science.psu.edu/physics/people/abhay-ashtekar 

Biography: https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/oral-histories/45807

Episode links:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/big-bang-black-holes-and-gravitational-waves-with-abhay-ashtekar 

Youtube: https://youtu.be/_eYw_MQXIhM 

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1W2ltjs6l9I0WSAo9CYEKh 

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/cz/podcast/big-bang-black-holes-and-gravitational-waves-abhay/id1641776894?i=1000597045107 

Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/NDc4OGIxMGMtNDY4My00ZmRiLWE0OWUtZjMyYjhkYmIyYTA1?ep=14

Follow Reason with Science:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/  

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience  

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh  

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894  

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw

Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:52 What is gravity?

00:10:50 Einstein's equivalence principle

00:15:34 Importance of geometry in physics

00:19:04 Introduction to quantum field theory

00:23:50 Einstein's work on quantum mechanics

00:25:04 Quantum field theory to explain reality

00:33:10 Scale of theory of relativity and quantum field theory

00:37:50 Introduction to loop quantum gravity

00:52:44 Gravity is a weak force

00:54:45 'Loops' in loop quantum gravity

01:05:20 Difference between strings and quantum threads

01:07:04 Status of Gravitons

01:10:58 Importance of gravitons

01:15:12 Gravitational waves

01:17:34 What is a black hole?

01:21:16 Black holes and loop quantum gravity

01:27:12 The Big Bounce

01:38:00 Loop quantum cosmology

01:39:07 Big bounce and the universe

01:41:31 Validating loop quantum gravity

01:45:25 Recommended reading

01:49:51 Thank you!

Recommended reading:

The Story of Loop Quantum Gravity- From the Big Bounce to Black Holes https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1042&v=x9jYH5VIF9E Before the Big Bang 1 - Loop Quantum Cosmology Explained https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFcQuEw0oY8&feature=c4-overview&list=UUtOgKmAM4MeFu-jd-HB3_cg A 

Short Review of Loop Quantum Gravity, by A. Ashtekar and E. Bianchi, https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.04394.pdf 

Quantum Space-time: Beyond the continuum of Minkowski and Einstein, by A. Ashtekar, https://arxiv.org/pdf/0810.0514.pdf 

Clip: New Meaning of the Big Bang.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U7kvjTRW-tw&feature=youtu.be 

This episode is with Pavel Plevka. He is a research group leader at Central European institute of technology (CEITEC).  His research is focused on solving the structures of viruses in order to understand their mechanism of action.

For this conversation, My co-host is Anna Papageorgiou (https://twitter.com/AnnaCalypte).

Here we talk about general aspects of viruses, their genomes, evolution of viruses, their infection strategies, impact of viruses on human health, environment and agriculture.

Guest info:

Website: https://www.ceitec.cz/doc-mgr-pavel-plevka-ph-d/u26854?page=publication

Twitter: https://twitter.com/PlevkaLab

Episode links:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/viruses_the_enigma_of_life_with_pavel_plevka 

Youtube: https://youtu.be/c2TRLkbDVa8 

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/3J2A6psAbgwudGcaBXoePS?si=NNPZNbTbR52KZVSVKW_eyw 

Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/viruses-the-enigma-of-life-with-pavel-plevka/e369efdf-1cd7-42ff-967c-2937d6be3edd 

Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/YWJiMDRiY2EtYThjMC00M2M4LWExNWQtNWI3MjNkNDI3YmYw?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwj4qOK4q9v8AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA

Follow Reason with Science: 

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/ 

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience 

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh 

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw 

Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:01:01 What is a virus and why do we study them?

00:02:02 Size of a viruses

00:03:57 Viroids and Gene Transfer Agents (GTA)

00:05:17 How to visualize viruses?

00:07:03 Different structures of viruses

00:08:34 Classification of viruses

00:10:01 How do viruses recognize their hosts and infect them?

00:16:58 Viral mechanism of action

00:19:42 How viruses can infect multiple hosts?

00:21:52 Essential features of viral genomes

00:23:30 Membranes and envelopes of viruses

00:26:05 Evolutionary origins of viruses

00:29:22 Why viruses are not part of the tree of life?

00:30:17 Co-evolution of viruses and hosts

00:37:24 How widespread viruses are?

00:39:47 Therapeutic strategies against viruses

00:42:26 Prevention against viruses

00:44:55 Phage therapy

00:47:27 Use of viruses in cancer therapies

00:49:00 Gene therapy

00:51:02 Importance of viruses for ecology

00:54:44 How viruses survive the extreme conditions?

00:58:40 Honeybee viruses

01:00:12 Do viruses carry known functions?

01:01:35 Are viruses alive?

01:02:29 What the technology lacks?

01:03:34 Pavel's favorite virus

01:04:21 Recommended article

01:05:10 Thank you!

Music by: Ahmed Hassan (https://www.youtube.com/@2ays577/featured)

This episode is with Charles Brenner. He is the Alfred E Mann Family  Foundation Chair in the department of Diabetes and Cancer Metabolism.  His research focuses on disturbances in nicotinamide adenine  dinucleotide (NAD), the central catalyst of metabolism, in diseases and  conditions of metabolic stress.  

Here we talk about what is metabolism?, NAD system, factors affecting  NAD system, ageing, anti-ageing research and how NAD system can be used  in health?  

Guest info: 

Website: https://www.brennerlab.net/ 

Twitter: https://twitter.com/CharlesMBrenner?s=20&t=sP8HvddsdScE8qzeQN_t3Q 

Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=XgEjtucAAAAJ&hl=en  

Episode links:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/understanding-metabolism-and-aging-with-charles-brenner 

Youtube: https://youtu.be/DHh_E3BbtmI 

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4q1tqsDiIuwi3jNtdZP2UM?si=QB1KgNMxQpu5dJvlNGLqWQ 

Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/understanding-metabolism-and-aging-|-charles-brenner-|-reason-with-science-|-nad-system-|-anti-aging/8ca959ec-8bbe-466b-a4e5-d2399d40a452 

Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/YmUxZmQyZDEtMjI1ZC00N2FlLWJjMjAtNjVmZDZkZDRiYzc1?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwiou6WW76v7AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA  

Follow Reason with Science:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/  

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience  

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh  

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894  

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw   

Timestamps: 

00:00:00 Introduction 

00:00:51 What is metabolism? 

00:01:40 Metabolism at cellular level 

00:02:44 Different metabolic processes  

00:04:50 NAD (Nicotinamide adenine diamide) system  

00:08:20 Food to NAD system   

00:13:09 Evolutionary history of NAD system   

00:15:44 Molecular description of NAD system  

00:20:51 Synthesis of NAD  

00:23:21 What is metabolic stress?  

00:28:23 Consequences of metabolic stress on NAD system  

00:29:45 Conditions caused by NAD deficiency  

00:34:23 Impact of food on metabolic stress  

00:35:51 Different types of foods and NAD levels  

00:40:01 NAD levels and circadian rythem  

00:40:50 Genetic predisposition to NAD levels 

00:42:40 Are there population wide changes in NAD systems?  

00:47:25 Importance of NAD levels in the blood and how much of these can enter in the cell?  

00:50:08 Are there modified NMN compounds which can enter in the cell?  

00:52:01 NAD system and aging  

01:02:25 Objection against 'Sirtuins as drivers of aging' 

01:04:29 How do we understand aging? 

01:08:25 Biochemical explanation of aging  

01:12:20 What kind of biomarkers can help is in studying aging?  

01:15:33 Charles' work on NAD system  

01:17:05 What sort of system can help us study aging?  

01:23:37 Lifestyle and NAD system   

01:26:07 NR (Nicotinamide Ribose) as supplements  

01:27:19 Thank you!    

#reasonwithscience #health #aging

This episode is with William Ratcliff. He is an Associate Professor at the School of Biological Science at Georgia Tech. Will studies the physics that constrains multicellular structures and examines the minute changes in certain yeast cells that allows them to become multicellular.

Here we talk about origin of life, emergence of complexity, eukaryogenesis, how cells become multicellular? and major questions regarding how multicellularity evolves.

Guest info:

Website: https://ratclifflab.biosci.gatech.edu/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/wc_ratcliff?s=20&t=V9HDIs-TNdMJazo02F8v5Q

Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=wdVRIS0AAAAJ&hl=en

Episode links: 

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/how-multicellularity-evolves-with-william-ratcliff

Youtube: https://youtu.be/HOrNrg2H5Ok

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0xWzhzWozsnIppGpcN1fNx?si=iMvD48OVSPqxhZTfnxv4CQ

Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/how-multicellularity-evolves-with-william-ratcliff/20ca73cb-7550-451a-9dae-84e1c415ebed

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/MmIyMGYzZTYtMWY3My00M2UxLTk1YzgtNTQ0MDZlZGJmNmQ5?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwio98jQh4n7AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA

Follow Reason with Science: 

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/ 

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience 

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh 

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw 

Timestamps:

This episode is with Chris Ferrie. He is an associate Professor at the  University of Technology Sydney and Centre for Quantum Software and  Information. His research focuses on quantum information science. Chris  also writes children's books and some selected titles include Quantum  Physics for Babies, 8 Little Planets and Pandemics for Babies.

Guest info:

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/csferrie  

Episode links:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/quantum-physics-for-babies-with-chris-ferrie 

Youtube: https://youtu.be/fn1W6Ml_8yY Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0R2jkglSrfguE347uF4oxk 

Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/quantum-physics-for-babies-with-chris-ferrie/100f0595-9def-45e2-bc95-910415a5a077 

Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/NDRhZWI0YWEtYWY3OC00ZTAzLThhY2QtYTQyNzhlZDM1Yzk4?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwiItfPahvP6AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA   

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Timestamps: 

00:00:00 Introduction 

00:00:55 Do we understand quantum physics?  

00:03:50 Double slit experiment    

00:08:43 Max Planck and Einstein's work  

00:09:58 Early development of quantum theory 

00:12:05 'Quantum' in quantum physics  

00:12:41 Heisenberg's principle 

00:18:56 Schrodinger's equation  

00:20:10 Quantum superposition and quantum entanglement  

00:22:53 How to understand quantum entanglement?  

00:27:26 Measurement  

00:30:13 What is matter and nature of reality?

00:34:22 Reductionism 

00:36:07 Emergence and theory of everything 

00:39:49 Science of chaos/luck/chance  00:42:11 Understanding chaos 

00:43:54 Quantum information 

00:50:07 Quantum information and consciousness 

00:51:31 Work of Bernardo Kastrup and Donald Hoffman 

00:54:54 (Eugene) Wigner's friend   

00:59:44 Decoherence in quantum physics  

01:02:31 Quantum computers 

01:07:09 How big are quantum computers? 

01:10:10 Problem with quantum computers 

01:11:20 2022 Nobel prize in physics  

01:15:04 Quantum systems in action  

01:18:06 Writing science books for babies 

01:21:08 Thank you!

This episode is with Lars Chittka. He is a professor at Queen Mary,  University of London. Lars is an expert on the behaviour, cognition and  ecology of Bees, and their interactions with flowers. His latest book is  'The mind of a Bee' where he explores the vast amount of work done on  the Bee behavior.

Guest info:

Episode links:

Follow Reason with Science:

Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

01:58:58 Thank you! 

This episode is with Geraint Lewis.  He is a Professor of Professor of Astrophysics at the Sydney Institute  for Astronomy, part of the University of Sydney's School of Physics. His  research focuses on the 'dark side of the universe', the matter and  energy that shapes our cosmos. His books include 'A fortunate universe'  and 'The cosmic revolutionary's handbook'. His latest book is 'Where did  the universe come from' co-authored by Prof. Chris Ferrie. 

In this conversation we talk about theory of gravity, quantum physics,  Big Bang, Expansion of the universe?, Matter, how do the elements form?,  Antimatter, Dark matter and Dark energy.   

Guest info: 

Website: https://www.geraintflewis.com/ 

Twitter: https://twitter.com/Cosmic_Horizons 

Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Geraint-F-Lewis/e/B01FRL8Y6I?ref=sr_ntt_srch_lnk_2&qid=1665204017&sr=8-2  

Episode links:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/where-did-the-universe-come-from-with-geraint-lewis

Youtube: https://youtu.be/ep5fVxS82FA

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/5i1wq8JfVXvphLWxwEPwrL?si=0010caeae15e429b

Apple podcast:  https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/where-did-the-universe-come-from-with-geraint-lewis/0255437b-a7bd-42cb-a770-2e85bc89a92d

Google podcast:  https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/YmM5NTgyMDItMGFjNi00OTZhLWE0MjEtNzE0ZThlOTcyOThl?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwiw_ve6itD6AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA

Follow Reason with Science:  

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/  

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience  

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh  

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894  

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw   

Timestamps: 

00:00:00 Introduction 

00:01:16 Do we have to presuppose the existence of the universe? 

00:05:49 Something from nothing   

00:07:14 'What is nothing?'   

00:08:26 Theory of gravity and Quantum physics  

00:14:30 Standard model in physics  

00:16:17 Understanding matter  

00:19:00 Why we can't include gravity at quantum level?  

00:20:58 Scale matters for gravity  

00:21:52 Scales for Quantum effects  

00:26:46 Evidence for Big Bang  

00:32:53 What is fundamental?  

00:37:47 Space-time is doomed  

00:43:09 Universe emerging from another universe  

00:45:54 How to envision Big Bang?  

00:49:16 Forces at work at the Big Bang  

00:58:46 Idea of the multiverse  

00:59:41 Fine tuning to produce elements in the universe  

01:04:10 Are all electrons same? 

01:11:00 Formation of the elements  

01:14:12 How do various elements reach on the planets?    

01:21:20 Antimatter and why matter exist?  

01:31:29 Dark matter and Dark energy  

01:34:16 Question of emergence  

01:35:46 How does angular momentum get included in Dark matter models of galactic rotation?  

01:39:24 Can we create a universe?  

01:41:02 Thank you!