Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome (LEMS) explained, including pathophysiology, subtype and classification and symptoms. Also covers diagnosis and treatment. 

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome? 
0:20 Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Pathophysiology
1:35  Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Symptoms
3:20  Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Causes
4:39 Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Diagnosis 
6:50 Lambert Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome Treatment


References:

1. BMJ Best Practice (2024) - “Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/1052/
2. Apoorva Jayarangaiah; Forshing Lui; Pramod Theetha Kariyann - Stat Pearls (2023) - “Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome**”.** Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507891/
3. Matthew C. Varon, MD; and Mazen M. Dimachkie, MD - Practical Neurology (2024**) - “**Diagnosis and Treatment of Lambert-Eaton Myasthenic Syndrome“. Available at https://practicalneurology.com/articles/2024-apr/diagnosis-and-treatment-of-lambert-eaton-myasthenic-syndrome

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Understanding Myasthenia Gravis, including pathophysiology and causes. Also features Myasthenia Gravis symptoms (and crisis!), as well as diagnosis and treatment. 

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Myasthenia Gravis?
0:19 Myasthenia Gravis Pathophysiology
1:38 Myasthenia Gravis Symptoms
3:44 Myasthenia Gravis Causes
4:30 Myasthenia Gravis Diagnosis 
6:15 Myasthenia Gravis Treatment

References

1. BMJ Best Practice (2024) - “Myasthenia Gravis”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/238
2. National Institute of Neurological Disorder and Stroke - “Myasthenia Gravis”. Available at https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/myasthenia-gravis
3. Rubin, M - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Myasthenia Gravis”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/neurologic-disorders/peripheral-nervous-system-and-motor-unit-disorders/myasthenia-gravis
4. Myasthenia Gravis Foundation Of America - “Cautionary Drugs”. Available at https://myasthenia.org/living-with-mg/mg-emergency-preparedness/cautionary-drugs/
5. Phillips, D. W (2016) - “Pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis: update on disease types, models, and mechanisms**”.** Available at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4926737/
6. MyastheniaGravis.Com - Available at https://myasthenia-gravis.com/

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Functional Neurological Disorder or FND explained, including common  symptoms, risk factors and diagnostic criteria. Also includes FND treatment as well as distinguishing features from other conditions. 

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Functional Neurological Disorder? 
0:40 Functional Neurological Disorder Symptoms
1:52 Functional Neurological Disorder Causes and Risk Factors 
3:00 Functional Neurological Disorder Diagnosis 
4:43 Functional Neurological Disorder DSM V Criteria
5:20 Functional Neurological Disorder Treatment 

Links to FND Resources:
https://fndhope.org/
https://neurosymptoms.org/en/

References

1. BMJ Best Practice (2024) - “Functional neurological and somatic symptom disorders”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/989
2. Prof. J. Stone - Neurosymptoms (2021) - Available at https://neurosymptoms.org/en/
3. S. C. Lidstone, R. Araújo, J. Stone, B. R. Bloem (2020) - “Ten myths about functional neurological disorder”. Available at https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ene.14310
4. Selma Aybek, David L Perez, **(2022) - “Diagnosis and management of functional neurological disorder”. Available at https://www.bmj.com/content/376/bmj.o64
5. National Institution of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (2024) - “Functional Neurologic Disorder”. Available at https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/functional-neurologic-disorder

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Understanding Croup, also known as laryngotracheobronchitis, including cases, pathophysiology, main symptoms as well as diagnosis and treatment. 

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Croup? 
0:32 Croup Pathophysiology
1:08 Croup Symptoms
1:56 Croup Diagnosis
2:34 Croup Treatment

References:

1. Bhatia, R - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Croup”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/respiratory-disorders-in-young-children/croup
2. Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2022) - “Croup”. Available at https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/croup/
3. BMJ Best Practice (2024) - “Croup”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/681

Please remember this video and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 


#medicalmnemonic #medicalmnemonics #rhesusmedicine #studymedicine #studygram #medstudent #medicalschool

Vertigo explained, including a way to easily remember the causes of Vertigo, as well as the different symptoms associated and the HINTS exam. Also covers vertigo pathophysiology, as well as the different treatment options for vertigo.

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Vertigo? 
1:11 Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo
2:52 Vestibular Migraine
3:52 Meniere’s Disease
5:15 Persistent Postural Perceptual Dizziness
6:59 Vestibular Neuritis
8:17 Posterior Circulation Stroke
9:24 HINTS Examination Central vs Peripheral Vertigo

References:

1. Kaylie D, M - MSD Manual Pro (2022) - “Dizziness and Vertigo”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/approach-to-the-patient-with-ear-problems/dizziness-and-vertigo
2. Hamiter, M - MSD Manual Pro (2023) - “ Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/ear-nose-and-throat-disorders/inner-ear-disorders/benign-paroxysmal-positional-vertigo
3. Lilien, V - The British Medical Journal (2019) - “Vestibular migraine”. Available at https://www.bmj.com/content/366/bmj.l4213.full
4. Meniere’s UK - “Migraine Associated Vertigo”. Available at https://www.menieres.org.uk/information-and-support/symptoms-and-conditions/migraine-associated-vertigo
5. Hohnen, H - Geeky Medics (2020) - “The Head Impulse, Nystagmus, Test of Skew (HINTS) Examination”. Available at https://geekymedics.com/the-head-impulse-nystagmus-test-of-skew-hints-examination/
6. Practical Neurology (2016) - “Persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (PPPD): a common, characteristic and treatable cause of chronic dizziness”. Available at https://pn.bmj.com/content/18/1/5
7. Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2023) - “Ménière's disease”. Available at https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/menieres-disease/
8. Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2023) - “Vestibular neuronitis”. Available at https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/vestibular-neuronitis/

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Summaries of both Bronchiolitis and Viral Induced Wheeze featuring the key points, as well as the main differences between them. Includes pathophysiology, symptoms and treatment for each. 

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Timestamps:
0:00 Bronchiolitis Pathophysiology and Causes
1:10 Bronchiolitis Symptoms
2:25 Bronchiolitis Treatment
03:13 Viral Induced Wheeze Pathophysiology and Causes
4:02 Viral Induced Wheeze Symptoms
5:07 Viral Induced Wheeze Treatment
5:44 Important Differentials 

References

1. Bhatia, R - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Bronchiolitis”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/pediatrics/respiratory-disorders-in-young-children/bronchiolitis
2. NICE Clinical Knowledge Summaries (2024) - “Cough - acute with chest signs in children”. Available at https://cks.nice.org.uk/topics/cough-acute-with-chest-signs-in-children/diagnosis/diagnosis-of-cause/
3. Zaininger, P - Geeky Medics (2024) - “Viral Induced Wheeze and Asthma”. Available at https://geekymedics.com/viral-induced-wheeze-and-asthma/
4. Snelson, E - RCEM Learning (2024) - “Coughing, Wheezy and Stridulous Children”. Available at https://www.rcemlearning.co.uk/foamed/coughing-wheezy-and-stridulous-children/
5. Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia - “Heart Failure in Children”. Available at https://www.chop.edu/conditions-diseases/heart-failure-children

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Understanding Osteoarthritis, including pathophysiology, most common symptoms of Osteoarthritis, diagnosis with a mnemonic on X Ray findings as well as Osteoarthritis treatment options.

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Osteoarthritis?
0:17 Osteoarthritis Pathophysiology
1:54 Osteoarthritis Symptoms
3:38 Osteoarthritis Causes and Risk Factors
4:48 Osteoarthritis Diagnosis
5:45 Osteoarthritis Treatment

References

1. Yaseen, K - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Osteoarthritis”. Available at: https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/musculoskeletal-and-connective-tissue-disorders/joint-disorders/osteoarthritis-oa
2. BMJ Best Practice (2024) - “Osteoarthritis”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/192?q=Osteoarthritis
3. Watson, A - Geeky Medics (20233) - “Hip Anatomy”. Available at https://geekymedics.com/hip-joint
4. Dahbi, R - Radiopaedia (2020) - “Osteoarthritis (Mnemonic)”. Available at https://radiopaedia.org/articles/osteoarthritis-mnemonic

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 


#medicalmnemonic #medicalmnemonics #rhesusmedicine #studymedicine #studygram #medstudent #medicalschool

Guillain Barre Syndrome (GBS) explained, including GBS pathophysiology and causes, symptoms and how they vary between the GBS subtypes (e.g Miller Fisher, AMAN). Also includes diagnosis and GBS treatment. 

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Guillain Barre Syndrome? 
0:36 Guillain Barre Syndrome Pathophysiology
2:29 Guillain Barre Syndrome Symptoms
4:40 Guillain Barre Syndrome Subtypes
5:38 Guillain Barre Syndrome Causes
6:21 Guillain Barre Syndrome Diagnosis
7:50 Guillain Barre Syndrome Treatment

References

1. Rubin, M - MSD Manual Pro (2024) - “Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-gb/professional/neurologic-disorders/peripheral-nervous-system-and-motor-unit-disorders/guillain-barré-syndrome-gbs
2. BMJ Best Practice (2022) - “Guillain-Barre Syndrome”. Available at https://bestpractice.bmj.com/topics/en-gb/176
3. StatPearls -Thy P. Nguyen; Roger S. Taylor (2023) “Guillain-Barre Syndrome”. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532254

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

Psoriasis explained, including the different types and treatment options for each. Also includes psoriasis pathophysiology, causes and aggravating factors.

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Timestamps:
0:00 What is Psoriasis?
0:21 Psoriasis Pathophysiology
1:57 Psoriasis Causes and Triggering Factors
3:42 Psoriasis Symptoms & Psoriasis Types
7:28 Psoriasis Diagnosis
8:10 Psoriasis Treatment


References

1. Jones, C (2023) - DermNetNZ - “Psoriasis”. Available at https://dermnetnz.org/topics/psoriasis
2. Wu, B (2017) - DermNetNZ - “Drug-Induced Psoriasis”. Available at https://dermnetnz.org/topics/drug-induced-psoriasis
3. National Psoriasis Foundation (2022) - “Psoriasis: Causes & Triggers”. Available at https://www.psoriasis.org/causes/
4. British Association of Dermatologists (2018) - “PSORIASIS – AN OVERVIEW”. Available at https://cdn.bad.org.uk/uploads/2021/12/29200253/Psoriasis-an-overview-update-October-2018-Lay-review-October-2018.pdf
5. Witold Owczarek (2022) - “The role of HLA-Cw6 in psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis**”.** Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9661405/
6. Psoriasis Association (2016) - “Types of Psoriasis “. Available at https://www.psoriasis-association.org.uk/media/InformationSheets/Types.pdf
7. American Academy of Dermatology Association - “Management of Adult Psoriasis with Topicals”. Available at https://assets.ctfassets.net/1ny4yoiyrqia/56bNCO2qMLxBtICdr9biM6/204ac5f5d98243e116bce0b5725b9f92/AAD-Guideline-Topical-Psoriasis-Clinical-Pathway-May-2023-Update.pdf
8. Hani, Y - (2024) - “Anatomy, Skin (Integument), Epidermis”. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470464/#:~:text=The epidermis, the skin's outermost layer, is composed of
9. Rendon, A (2019) - “Psoriasis Pathogenesis and Treatment**”.** Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471628/#:~:text=Our discussion begins by addressing the inflammatory

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice. 

A look at Histrionic Personality Disorder, a Cluster B Disorder in the DSM 5, including the main symptoms and traits, as well as the diagnostic criteria. Also includes treatment approach. 

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Timestamps
0:00 What is a Personality Disorder?
0:22 What is Histrionic Personality Disorder?
0:55 Histrionic Personality Disorder Symptoms
2:10 Histrionic Personality Disorder Diagnosis (DSM 5 Criteria)
2:34 Histrionic Personality Disorder Causes & Epidemiology
3:24 Histrionic Personality Disorder Treatment

LINK TO SOCIAL MEDIA:
https://www.instagram.com/rhesusmedicine/

References

1. Zimmerman, M - MSD Manual Pro (2023) - “Histrionic Personality Disorder”. Available at https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/histrionic-personality-disorder-hpd
2. T,J. Torrico - StatPearls (2024) - “Histrionic Personality Disorder”. Available at https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK542325/
3. PsychDB (2024) - “Histrionic Personality Disorder”. Available at https://www.psychdb.com/personality/histrionic

Please remember this podcast and all content from Rhesus Medicine is meant for educational purposes only and should not be used as a guide to diagnose or to treat. Please consult a healthcare professional for medical advice.