This episode is the first in a series about rune magic. There is a lot to cover on that topic, so I have decided to split it up in two parts. In this episode I cover the earliest inscriptions from c. 0 CE to the beginning of the Viking Age. I provide a rundown of the invention and development of the runic writing system and give an overview of select runic inscriptions that can be understood as magical or religious. Contemporary rune magic is far removed from what it was in ancient times. There is no evidence that people practiced runic meditation or divination with runes in the way that popular books on the topic suggest today. Most contemporary scholars will reject the idea that runes were used for magic at all, but that is usually because they are unfamiliar with the surviving inscriptions that clearly have magico-religious content. There are good reasons that the idea that runes could have been used for magic has fallen out of favor. I explain why that is the case in this episode, and I dig into what rune magic seems to have been about in the early period based on the available evidence.

SHOW NOTES:

Kragehul I - Wikipedia

Kylver Stone - Wikipedia

Old English rune poem - Wikipedia

Gummarp Runestone - Wikipedia

Stentoften Runestone - Wikipedia

Vimose inscriptions - Wikipedia

Svingerud Runestone - Wikipedia

Vadstena bracteate - Wikipedia

Rune poem - Wikipedia

Abecedarium Nordmannicum - Wikipedia

Codex Runicus - Wikipedia

Rabanus Maurus - Wikipedia

Gothic alphabet - Wikipedia

Ring of Pietroassa - Wikipedia

Björketorp Runestone - Wikipedia

Golden Horns of Gallehus - Wikipedia

Einang stone - Wikipedia

Gothic runic inscriptions - Wikipedia

Engraving on 2,000-year-old knife thought to be oldest runes in Denmark | Archaeology | The Guardian

Jelling stones - Wikipedia

Rock Carvings in Tanum - Wikipedia

Mars Halamardus – Wikipedia (in German)

Greek alphabet - Wikipedia

Phoenician alphabet - Wikipedia