Chess has been around for centuries, varaitions date back to the 6th century from India with a game called chaturanga. 
From there, it moved to Persia, then through the Muslim world, into Spain, then taking over Europe. 

Throughout its history there have been several iterations - 

Elephants morphed into Bishops, Chariots into Rooks, Foot soldiers into Pawns. 

the Advisor which could move diagonally 1 square was replaced with the Queen. 
If the Queen was captured the game used to end in the same way that if the King was captured. 
The Queen was iterated on until the 'Mad Queen' was established with its current move behavior. 

Each culture that received chess had their own iteration and several are still played today - 
Chinese Chess is a variation of Go and chaturanga. 
Shogi was iterated in Korea and later Japan. 
And Russia has their own 1000 year history of chess. 

Chess notation has its own history as well - from telling a story with every move to the algebraic notation of today. 
For example - 
In 1614:  The white king commands his owne knight into the third house before his owne bishop.
Meant the same as - 
King's Knight to B's 3rd - in 1848.
to -
In 1946, where Knight to King Bishop 3 
turned into today's -
Knight f3

So much history and so much global culture is wrapped up in this game. 
Today - we will look at the oldest recorded game with today's modern rules - 

Francesc de Castellvi vs Narcis Vinyoles (1475)
Now if we're ready - let's begin.

1. e4 d5 2. exd5 Qxd5 3. Nc3 Qd8 4. Bc4 Nf6 5. Nf3 Bg4 6. h3 Bxf3
7. Qxf3 e6 8. Qxb7 Nbd7 9. Nb5 Rc8 10. Nxa7 Nb6 11. Nxc8 Nxc8
12. d4 Nd6 13. Bb5+ Nxb5 14. Qxb5+ Nd7 15. d5 exd5 16. Be3 Bd6
17. Rd1 Qf6 18. Rxd5 Qg6 19. Bf4 Bxf4 20. Qxd7+ Kf8 21. Qd8#
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https://www.chessgames.com/perl/chessgame?gid=1259987

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_chess

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chess_notation#History

http://cassidynoble.com/