Why was Duch released from prison on April 3rd, 1970?

How did Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge transition from small guerrilla enclaves to administering huge areas of Cambodia?

What exactly was “Independence Mastery,” and why was it so central to the Khmer Rouge mindset? 

Time Period Covered: April 1970 – July 1971 

In this episode, we pivot from Lon Nol’s takeover to the Cambodian communist perspective, exploring how Pol Pot and the Khmer Rouge navigated the chaotic months following the coup. We follow Duch’s unexpected release from prison, track Pol Pot’s return journey from Beijing and Hanoi, and see how the Khmer Rouge began absorbing millions of Cambodians into so-called “liberated zones.” Along the way, we delve into the principle of Independence Mastery, the uneasy alliance with the Vietnamese, and the early precursor to S-21 known as M-13. We also uncover the paranoid mindset driving the Khmer Rouge’s suspicion of outside influence, including alleged assassination plots and forced confessions, shadows of the horror to come. 

Remember, if you can, to please support the show at www.shadowsofutopia.com/support. 

Sources:

Chandler - Tragedy of Cambodian History and Voices From S21

Short - Pol Pot

Kiernan - How Pol Pot Came To Power

ECCC Archives - Duch Trial 2009

Heder - Cambodian Communism and the Vietnamese Model

Edwards - Cambodge

Harris - Buddhism Under Pol Pot