The “scientifics” of the so-called Ex Ex summit Mt. Banahaw in 1842, as part of their quest to survey the Philippine archipelago! What does this American scientific expedition find in our islands?

Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept
Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept
Email us: [email protected]

Wilkes, Charles (1845). Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition. During the years 1838, 1839, 1840, 1841, 1842. Lea and Blanchard.

Walsh, Jane (March 2004). “From the Ends of the Earth: The United States Exploring Expedition Collections.” Smithsonian Libraries. https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/Walsh-01.htm

Philbrick, Nathaniel (January 2004). “The Scientific Legacy of the U.S. Exploring Expedition.” Smithsonian Libraries. https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/usexex/learn/Philbrick.htm

Gorospe, Vitaliano R. (1992). “Mount Banahaw: The Power Mountain From Ritualism to Spirituality.” Philippine Studies, 40(2), 204-218. 

Somera, Rene D. (1986). “Pamumuwesto of Mount Banahaw.” Philippine Studies, 34(4), 436-451.

Grunes, Marissa (2021). “Ahab and Ishmael in Antarctica: How Charles Wilkes's White Continent Gave Rise to the White Whale.” Leviathan, 23(2), 3-33. 

Frankopan, Peter (2023). The Earth Transformed: An Untold History of the World. Knopf.