Why do so many Filipinos have Spanish surnames? This episode unpacks the story of the Catálogo Alfabético de Apellidos, a book distributed in 1849 by Spanish Governor-General Narciso Clavería to solve an administrative crisis. We explore how this single decree systematically renamed millions, assigning surnames alphabetically by town and creating regional naming patterns that still exist. We also debunk the persistent myth of widespread Spanish ancestry, i.e., contrasting the 90% of Filipinos with Spanish surnames against genetic studies showing only 1-3% Spanish DNA, and tell the dramatic story of how this decree led to the persecution of Jose Rizal's mother.

For centuries, tarsilas have done far more than record family trees in Muslim Mindanao; they have defined power, preserved honor, and anchored entire communities to their history. These genealogical records connect local rulers to the Prophet Muhammad, authorize marriages and political alliances, and legitimize claims to land and sovereignty. During colonial invasions, they became instruments of resistance; in today’s Bangsamoro, they remain vital to cultural identity and political legitimacy. This episode explores how these living chains of memory transformed genealogy into one of the most enduring forces in Philippine history.

The Okir is a sacred and intricate artistic tradition of Muslim Mindanao, and in this episode, we chart its 1,400-year journey. From its pre-Islamic, animistic roots seen in protective naga serpent carvings to its sophisticated evolution under Islamic aniconism, the Okir transformed its motifs into stylized, flowing patterns that became a symbol of enduring identity. It survived Spanish colonization, wartime destruction, and the 2017 Marawi siege. But its greatest challenge is happening now. We explore the painful paradox at the heart of Marawi's recovery: in a way, Okir is a means of healing for a displaced community, yet their sacred patterns now adorn the empty buildings of a controversial reconstruction, leaving a haunting question: What happens when a culture’s soul is used to decorate a ghost town?

Long before it became a household name with a catchy jingle, Tiki-Tiki was a life-saving breakthrough. In this episode, we uncover the forgotten story of how a deadly beriberi epidemic, fueled by American colonial "progress," was stopped by a humble Filipino pharmacist. Discover how Dr. Manuel Zamora created a world-first vitamin supplement from rice bran in a small Quiapo lab, chose public health over immense profit, and cemented a cultural icon that has nourished generations of Filipino children.

From makeshift courts under bridges to the roaring arenas of the PBA, basketball is more than a game in the Philippines: it's a core part of the national identity. In this episode, we explore how an American import became the Filipino soul. Join us as we trace basketball's surprising history as a women's sport, the legendary rivalries that divided families, and the modern challenges facing the professional league. We uncover why "puso" resonates so deeply in basketball, and how the sport itself becomes a symbolic court where Filipinos play out their struggles, dreams, and never-say-die spirit.

For millions of Filipinos, it's a core memory of childhood and school days: a dense, fortified bread distributed or sold in schools. But was the famous Nutribun a symbol of genuine care or a masterful tool of political propaganda? In this episode, we unwrap the complex history of this iconic bread, tracing its journey from a US-funded aid program to a potent symbol of the Marcos regime's "New Society." Join us as we explore how a simple food item became intertwined with history, power, and nostalgia, and why its recent revival forces us to confront a complicated national legacy.

It's the iconic, buff-colored canvas that triggers instant nostalgia for generations of Filipino students. In this episode of PODKAS, we unfold the story behind this humble school supply. We trace its journey from recycled abaca ship ropes in 19th-century America to its central role in post-war Philippine classrooms. We reminisce about the collaborative chaos of group projects, the high-stakes art of writing with a Pentel pen, and the honored role of the tagahawak ng manila paper. Finally, we explore its fading presence in the digital age and ask: in a world of screens and slides, what is the enduring legacy of Manila paper?

From the anxious moments before a life-changing entrance exam to the simple joy of learning to write your name, one object has been a constant companion for generations of Filipinos: the iconic yellow Mongol pencil. In this episode, we sharpen our focus on this seemingly simple tool to tell a surprisingly complex story of international branding, local manufacturing, and deep cultural embedding. How did "Pahiram ng mongol?" become the standard way to ask for a pencil? Why was its specific lead grade crucial for every Scantron sheet, and how did it evolve from an imported icon, a proudly Philippine-made product, and back to imported? Join us as we explore the history, nostalgia, and talismanic power of the pencil that has truly written itself into the Filipino story.

Found in virtually every Filipino bathroom from the humblest provincial home to the most luxurious Manila condo, the tabo—that simple plastic water dipper—carries far more cultural weight than its unassuming appearance suggests. In this episode, we trace the tabo's fascinating journey from coconut shell origins in pre-colonial times to its status as a powerful marker of Filipino identity worldwide. Why do overseas Filipinos pack tabos in their luggage? How did this humble dipper spark "hygiene wars" on social media? And what did early Spanish missionaries really think about Filipino bathing habits? From ancient hospitality rituals to modern environmental concerns, we explore how a simple household object became both a symbol of cultural resilience and a source of unexpected controversy. Whether you're a lifelong tabo user or someone who's always wondered about that mysterious plastic cup in Filipino bathrooms, this episode dips into the surprising depth behind one of the Philippines' most ubiquitous yet overlooked cultural artifacts.

In this episode, we bridge the gap between myth and reality as we explore the history and infamy of the San Juanico Bridge. Often romanticized as Ferdinand Marcos’s “gift of love” to Imelda, this iconic structure connecting Leyte and Samar is also a concrete symbol of the Marcos regime’s controversial “edifice complex,” cronyism, and international scandal. From its politically charged origins and its dark association with a Martial Law torture method to its crucial role as a lifeline during disasters like Super Typhoon Yolanda, we unpack the complicated legacy of an engineering marvel. How can a single object represent both national pride and national shame, and how do we remember a past built in steel and stone? Listen now to find out.