Saussure e grida

Questo episodio esplora l'ipotesi di Sapir-Whorf e la relatività linguistica, concentrandosi sul modo in cui le lingue possono influenzare la nostra percezione e comprensione del mondo. Oggi parliamo della storia del legame tra lingua e pensiero, esaminando come la struttura linguistica possa plasmare la nostra cognizione e la nostra relazione con la realtà circostante, e vediamo sopratutto cosa ci dicono i dati sperimentali.

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna

La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io



FONTI:

• Barsalou, L. (2008). Grounded cognition. Annual Review of Psychology, 59, 617–645.
• Belacchi, C., & Cubelli, R. (2012). Implicit knowledge of grammatical gender in preschool children. Journal of Psycholinguistic Research, 41:295–310.
• Berlin, B. & Kay, P. (1969). Basic color terms: Their universality and evolution. Berkeley: University of California Press.
• Boas, Franz (1889). On Alternating Sounds. American Anthropologist. 2(1):47–54.
• Boroditsky, L., & Schmidt, L.A. (2000). Sex, syntax, and semantics. In L.R. Gleitman & A.K. Joshi (Eds.), Proceedings of the Twenty-Second Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society (:42–46). Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum.
• Brown, A., Lindsey, D.T., & Guckes, K.M. (2011). Color names, color categories, and color-cued visual search: Sometimes, color perception is not categorical. Journal of Vision, 11-12(2):1–21.
• Carroll, J.B. (Ed.) (1956). Language, thought, and reality: Selected writings of Benjamin Lee Whorf. Cambridge & Massachusetts: Technology Press of Massachusetts.
• Cichocki, P., & Kilarski, M. (2010). On "Eskimo Words for Snow": The life cycle of a linguistic misconception. Historiographia Linguistica, 37(3):341–377. 
• Code, L. (1980). Language and knowledge. Word, 31(3):245-258.
• Darnell, R. (1990). Edward Sapir: linguist, anthropologist, humanist. University of California Press.
• Fortescue, M.D., Jacobson, S., & Kaplan, L. (Eds.) (2010). Comparative Eskimo Dictionary: With Aleut Cognates (2nd ed.). Alaska Native Language Center, University of Alaska Fairbanks.
• Gleitman, L., & Papafragou, A. (2013). Relations between language and thought. In D. Reisberg (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of cognitive psychology (:504–523). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
• Humboldt von, W.C. (1836)[1988]. On Language: The Diversity of Human Language Structure and its influence on the Mental Development of Mankind. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
• Kay, P., & Regier, T. (2006). Language, thought and color: recent developments. Trends in cognitive sciences, 10(2):51-54.
• Krupnik, I., & Müller-Wille, L. (2010). Franz Boas and Inuktitut Terminology for Ice and Snow: From the Emergence of the Field to the "Great Eskimo Vocabulary Hoax". In I. Krupnik, C. Aporta, S. Gearheard, & G. Laidler (Eds.) SIKU: Knowing Our Ice (:377-400). Dordrecht, NL: Springer Netherlands.
• Kurinski, E., Jambor, E., & Sera, M.D. (2016). Spanish grammatical gender: its effects on categorization in native Hungarian speakers. International Journal of Bilingualism, 20:76–93.
• Lenneberg, E., & Roberts, J. (1953). The denotation of color terms. Paper presented to the Linguistic Society of America, Bloomington.
• Matallo, H.J. (2023). Relativistic Language and the Natural Philosophy Big-Bang. Manuscript. PhilArchive.org
• Phillips, W., & Boroditsky, L. (2003). Can quirks of grammar affect the way you think? Grammatical gender and object concepts. Paper presented at the 25th Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, Boston, MA.
• Pinker, S. (1994). The Language Instinct. New York: HarperCollins.
• Platone, Fedro (2012). P. Pucci, & B.Centrone (Eds.), Roma- Bari: Laterza.
• Pourcel S. ( 2002). Investigating linguistic relativity: A research methodology. Durham Working Papers in Linguistics, 8:125-38.
• Pulvermuller, F. (1999). Words in the brain's language. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 22:253–279.
• Roberson, D., Pak, H., & Hanley, J. R. (2008). Categorical perception of colour in the left and right visual field is verbally mediated: Evidence from Korean. Cognition, 107:752–762.
• Sapir, E. (1924). The grammarian and his language. The American Mercury, (1):149–155.
• Sapir, E. (1929). A study in phonetic symbolism. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 12(3), 225–239
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• Sato, S., & Athanasopoulos, P. (2018). Grammatical gender affects gender perception: Evidence for the structural-feedback hypothesis. Cognition, 176:220–231.  
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Questo episodio esplora le lingue in modalità visivo-gestuale, smontando alcune credenze diffuse che potrebbero portarci a fraintendere la vera natura delle lingue segnate. Durante la puntata, esamineremo da vicino alcune caratteristiche generali e alcune peculiari della LIS, la lingua dei segni italiana, al fine di evidenziare che le lingue dei segni hanno strutture proprie, completamente diverse dalle lingue parlate. È fondamentale comprendere, infatti, che le lingue dei segni sono sistemi linguistici autonomi, che pur nella loro unicità condividono comunque affascinanti fenomeni evolutivi con tutte le altre lingue del mondo, indipendentemente dalla loro modalità.

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna


La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io

FONTI:

• Cardinaletti, A., & Repetti, L. (2008). Vocali epentetiche nella morfologia dell’italiano e dei dialetti italiani. In R. Maschi, N. Pennello, & P. Rizzolati (Eds.), Miscellanea di studi linguistici offerti a Laura Vanelli da amici e allievi padovani. Udine: Forum Editrice. 24.
• Cecchetto, C., Geraci, C. & Zucchi, S. (2006). Strategies of relativization in Italian Sign Language. Nat Language Linguistic Theory 24:945–975.
• Corbett, G. (2000). Number. Cambridge Textbooks in Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–30
• Corina, D., & Singleton, J. (2009). Developmental social cognitive neuroscience: Insights from deafness. Child Development, 80(4), 952–967.
• Dye, M.W.G., Hauser, P. C., & Bavelier, D. (2009). Is Visual Selective Attention in Deaf Individuals Enhanced or Deficient? The Case of the Useful Field of View. PLOS ONE, 4(5), e5640
• Eberhard, D.M., Simons, G.F., & Fennig, C.D. (Eds.). (2023). Ethnologue: Languages of the World. Twenty-sixth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version.
• Figueras, B., Edwards, L., & Langdon, D. (2008). Executive Function and Language in Deaf Children. The Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 13(3), 362–377.
• Fontana, S., Corazza, S., Braem, P.B., & Volterra, V. (2017). Language Research and Language Community Change: Italian Sign Language, 1981–2013. Sign Language Studies, 17(3):363–398.
• Geraci, C. (2012). Language Policy and Planning: The Case of Italian Sign Language. Sign Language Studies, 12(4):494-518
• Kegl, J., & Iwata, G. (1989). Lenguaje de Signos Nicaragüense: A pidgin sheds light on the “creole?” ASL. Proceedings of the Fourth Annual Meeting of the Pacific Linguistics Conference. Eugene: University of Oregon.
• Nuckolls, J.B. (1999). The Case for Sound Symbolism. Annual Review of Anthropology, 28:225-252.
• Ortega, G. (2017). Iconicity and sign lexical acquisition: A review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, Article 1280.
• Perniss, P., Pfau, R. & Steinbach, M. (2017). Can’t you see the difference? Sources of variation in sign language structure. In P. Perniss, R. Pfau & M. Steinbach (Eds.). Visible variation: cross-linguistic studies on sign language structure (pp. 1-34). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter
• Perniss, P., & Vigliocco, G. (2014). The bridge of iconicity: From a world of experience to the experience of language. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 369, 20130300.
• Petitta, G. (2012). Sordo, sordomuto, non udente nella stampa italiana contemporanea. Bollettino di Italianistica 2:171–183.
• Pinker, S. (1994). The Language instinct: how the mind creates language. London: Harper Perennial.
• Sandler W., & Lillo-Martin D. (2006). Sign Language and linguistic universals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
• Senghas, A. (1994a). Nicaragua’s lessons for language acquisition. Signpost: The Journal of the International Sign Linguistics Association, 7:1.
• Senghas, A. (1994b). The development of Nicaraguan Sign Language via the language acquisition process. In D. MacLaughlin & S. McEwen (Eds.), Proceedings of the Boston University Conference on Language Development, 19 (pp. 543-552). Boston: Cascadilla Press.
• Senghas, A., Kegl, J., Senghas, R.J., & Coppola, M.E.V. (1994). Sign language emergence and sign language change: children's contribution to the birth of a language. Boston, Massachusetts: Poster presented at the Annual Meeting for the Linguistic Society of America.
• Volterra, V. (Ed.). (1981). I segni come parole: La comunicazione dei sordi. Turin: Boringhieri.
  
• Volterra, V. (Ed.). (1987). La lingua dei segni italiana: La comunicazione visivogestuale dei sordi. Bologna: Il Mulino.

Qui esploriamo il generativismo, la teoria sviluppata da Noam Chomsky negli anni '50 che ha rivoluzionato la nostra comprensione del linguaggio. Affronteremo insieme questioni come la natura innata della lingua, affrontando la smentita del comportamentismo linguistico e introducendo concetti come "grammatica universale" e "competenza". Attraverso aneddoti e spiegazioni, esploriamo la storia, l'evoluzione e le critiche del generativismo, mettendo in luce come questa teoria continui a influenzare la linguistica moderna.

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna
La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io


FONTI:

• Chomsky, N. (1959). Review of B. F. Skinner Verbal Behavior. Language, 35:26–58.
• Chomsky, N. (1957). Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
• Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Chomsky, N.(1995). The Minimalist Program, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
• Chomsky, N., Belletti, A., & Rizzi, L. (2001). Chapter 4: An interview on minimalism. In N. Chomsky (Ed.) On Nature and Language. Cambridge University Press. pp. 92–161.
• Culicover, P.W., & R.Jackendoff (2005), Simpler syntax. Oxford University Press.
• Deacon, T.W. (1997). The symbolic species: the co-evolution of language and the human brain. London: Penguin.
• Elsabbagh, M., & Karmiloff-Smith, A. (2006). Modularity of mind and language. In K. Brown (Ed.) Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. (pp. 218-224). IInd Ed. Oxford: Elsevier.
• Kluender, R., & Kutas, M. (1993). Subjacency as a processing phenomenon. Language and Cognitive Processes, 8 (4): 573–633.
• Koehn, Philipp (2020). Neural Machine Translation. Cambridge University Press.
• Kuhn T (1962). The structure of scientific revolutions. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
• Landau, B. (1997). Language and experience in blind children: retrospective and prospective. In V. Lewis & G.M.Collis (Eds), Blindness and psychological development in young children. The British Psychological Society.
• Lepschy, G. (1979). Generativismo. Treccani Enciclopedia Italiana - IV Appendice. https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/grammatica-generativa_(Enciclopedia-Italiana)/
• Moro, A. (2013). The Equilibrium of Human Syntax: Symmetries in the Brain. Routledge.
• Moro A. (2015). I confini di Babele. Il cervello e il mistero delle lingue impossibili. Bologna: Il Mulino.
• Pinker, S., & Jackendoff, R. (2005). The faculty of language: What's special about it? Cognition, 95(2):201–236.
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• Skinner, B. (1974). About behaviorism. New York, NY: Alfred A. Knopf.
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• Tomasello, M. (2003). Constructing a language: a usage-based theory of language acquisition. Harvard University Press.

Oggi ci immergiamo nel vibrante mondo delle parolacce, esplorando il loro impatto sulla società e la mente umana. Dalla loro origine evolutiva al loro ruolo nella nostra psicofisicità vediamo come le parolacce siano molto più di semplici espressioni volgari.

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna
La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io


FONTI:

• https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/parolaccia/

• Indian Penal Code. indiacode.nic.in. 1 May 1861.
• The Code of Administrative Offences of the Russian Federation, 20:1.
• Summary Offences Act 1981 No. 113 (as of 01 March 2017), Public Act – New Zealand Legislation

• Bergen, B.K. (2016). What the F: What swearing reveals about our language, our brains, and ourselves. New York: Basic Books
• Code, C. (2005). First in, last out? The evolution of aphasic lexical speech automatisms to agrammatism and the evolution of human communication. Interaction Studies, 6:311–334.
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• Fuster, J. M. (2002). Frontal lobe and cognitive development. Journal of Neurocytology, 31(3-5):373–385.
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Formalismo e funzionalismo, pensiero ed esternalizzazione, lingua e comunicazione. Che casino! Oggi proviamo a vedere che serve un po’ di ordine se vogliamo quantomeno isolare i concetti. E nonostante lingua e comunicazione a volte siano usate come sinonimi, non sono assolutamente la stessa cosa.

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna

La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io

FONTI:

• Baron-Cohen, S. (1999). The evolution of a theory of mind. In M.C. Corballis & S.E.G. Lea (Eds.), The descent of mind: Psychological perspectives on hominid evolution (261–277). Oxford University Press.
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• Chomsky, N. (1972). Language and mind. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
• de Boer, B. (2017). Evolution of speech and evolution of language. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 24:158–162.
• Fodor, J. A. (1975). The Language of Thought. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company.
• Fodor, J. A., Pylyshyn, Z. W. (2015). Minds Without Meaning: An Essay on the Content of Concepts. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
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• Jacob, F. (1982) The possible and the actual. Seattle, WA: University of Washington Press.
• Johansson, S (2005). Origins of language – constraints on hypotheses. Amsterdam: Benjamins.
• Lieberman P. (2016). The evolution of language and thought. Journal of anthropological sciences, 94:127–146.
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• Pinker, S. (1999). Words and rules. London: Phoenix.
• Reboul, A. C. (2015). Why language really is not a communication system: A cognitive view of language evolution. Frontiers in Psychology, 6, Art. 1434.

Per imporre una lingua, e conseguentemente una cultura, una politica, etc. non serve necessariamente bandire le lingue preesistenti, si può giocare su quello che definiamo qui 'imperialismo linguistico', con piccoli ostacoli e scelte che indeboliscono la lingua autoctona in favore della lingua colonizzatrice.
In questa puntata vediamo la situazione dell'arabo di Palestina, come è stata in passato, come è adesso, e come si pensa sarà in futuro (spoiler: brutta).

La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna

L’audio in arabo palestinese è tratto dal canale YouTube ILoveLanguages! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06_STuBV4Dg&t=44s

FONTI:

• AA.VV. Journal of Holy Land and Palestine Studies, 22(1):129-138.
• Al-Husari, S. (1961). Arabism first. Beirut: Dar Al-‘ilm Lil-malayin.
• Al-Jallad, A. (2018). The Earliest Stages of Arabic and its Linguistic Classification. In E. Benmamoun, & R. Bassiouney (Eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Arabic Linguistics:315-331. Routledge.
• Alon, S. (2019). No One to See Here: Genres of Neutralization and the Ongoing Nakba. Arab Studies Journal. Georgetown University. 27(1):91–117.
• Al‐Wer, E.; Jong, R. (2017). Dialects of Arabic. In C. Boberg; J. Nerbonne; D. Watt (Eds.). The Handbook of Dialectology:523–534. Wiley.
• Amara, M.H. (2003). Recent foreign language education policies in Palestine. Language Problems and Language Planning, 27(3):217-232.
• Amara, M. (2017). Arabic in Israel: Language, Identity and Conflict (1st ed.). Routledge.
• Amara, M. & Mar’i, A. (2006) Language Education Policy: The Arab minority in Israel. Netherlands: Springer.
• Azaryahu, M. (2000). Hebrew and Hebraicization in the Formation of Cultural Identity. Jewish Studies 40:77-88.
• Azaryahu, M. & Golan, A. (2001). (Re)naming the landscape: The formation of the Hebrew map of Israel 1949–1960. Journal of Historical Geography. 27(2):178–195.
• Baumel, Y. (2007). A blue and white shadow: The Israeli establishment’s policy and actions among its Arab citizens – the formative years 1958–1968. Haifa: Pardes.
• Bekerman, Z. & Maoz, I. (2005). Trouble with identity: Obstacles to coexistence education in conflict ridden societies. Identity: An International Journal of Theory and Research, 5(4):341–357.
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Come si costruiscono delle lingue artificiali (conlangs) a fini artistici? In questo episodio vediamo alcune scelte molto diverse da loro, parlando di autori che hanno creato degli interi mondi linguistici al puro scopo di affascinare e intrattenere i fruitori dei prodotti artistici di cui queste lingue fanno parte.

La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna

FONTI:

• Adams, M. (2011). From Elvish to Klingon: exploring invented languages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
• Barnes, L.; van Heerden, C. (2008). Virtual Languages in Science Fiction and Fantasy Literature. Language Matters, 37:102–117.
• Cheyne, R. (2008). Created Languages in Science Fiction. Science Fiction Studies, 35(3):386-403.
• Ćwiek, A.; Fuchs, S.; Draxler, C.; Asu, E.L.; Dediu, D.; Hiovain, K.; Kawahara, S.; Koutalidis, S.; Krifka, M.; Lippus, P.; Lupyan, G.; Oh, G.E.; Paul, J.; Petrone, C.; Ridouane, R.; Reiter, S.; Schümchen, N.; Szalontai, Á.; Ünal-Logacev, Ö.; Zeller, J.; Perlman, M.; Winter, B. (2022). The bouba/kiki effect is robust across cultures and writing systems. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences. 377(1841):202-390.
• Dalcher, C. (2017). Linguistics in Arrival. http://dankoboldt.com/linguistics-in-arrival/#comments
• D'Onofrio, A. (2013). Phonetic Detail and Dimensionality in Sound-shape Correspondences: Refining the Bouba-Kiki Paradigm. Language and Speech. 57(3):367–393.
• Gajek, M. (2018). Me nem nesa: Investigating the reception of constructed languages in different age groups. Beyond Philology An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching, (15/1):31–47.
• Milani, M. (2009). An interview with Paul Frommer, Alien Language Creator for Avatar. http://usoproject.blog spot.com/2009/11/interview-with-paul-frommer-alien.html.
• Ozturk, O.; Krehm, M.; Vouloumanos, A. (2013). Sound symbolism in infancy: Evidence for sound–shape cross-modal correspondences in 4-month-olds. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology. 114(2):173–186.
• Peiffer-Smadja, N.; Cohen, L. (2019). The cerebral bases of the bouba-kiki effect. NeuroImage. 186:679–689.
• Peterson, D.J. (2015) The art of language invention: From horse-lordsto dark elves, the words behind the world-building. New York: Penguin
• Ramachandran, V.S. & Hubbard, E.M. (2001). Synaesthesia: A window into perception, thought and language. Journal of Consciousness Studies, 8(12): 3–34.

Questo episodio descrive i campi di azione della linguistica forense, una particolare branca della linguistica applicata. Vediamo la differenza tra grafologia e linguistica forensi, i suoi campi di azione e qualche storia che ci ha fatto capire come la linguistica potesse essere uno strumento particolarmente adatto per le indagini.

La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna

FONTI:

• Artioli S. (2018). La Linguistica forense: una introduzione e una proposta di applicazione nel contesto italiano. MA Thesis Università degli studi di Santiago de Compostela.
• Bellucci P. (2006). A onor del vero. Fondamenti di linguistica giudiziaria, Torino, UTET.
• De Vel O. (2001), Mining e-mail content for author identification forensics, Newsletter ACM SIGMOD Record, 30(4).
• Ellen, D, 2003, Scientific Examination of Documents, Boca Raton, CRC Press.
• Marotta G. & Nocchi N. (2001), La liquida laterale nel livornese, Rivista italiana di dialettologia. Lingue dialetti e società 25, pp. 285-326.
• Nocchi N. (2003), Vesto ví: un fenomeno di rafforzamento in livornese? in G. Marotta e N. Nocchi (Eds.) Atti delle XIII Giornate di Studio del GFS, ETS, Pisa:221-232.
• Oates J. (2012). John Christie of Rillington Place: Biography of a Serial Killer. Barnsley, England: Pen & Sword Books Ltd.
• Olsson J. (2004), Forensic Linguistics, London-New York, Continuum.
• Pastena, P (2012), Alcune applicazioni della linguistica forense in perizia grafica. Relazione al Convegno Nazionale dell'Istituto di Grafologia Forense, Mesagne (BS) 7-9 settembre 2012.

Questo episodio descrive il runglish, una lingua embrionale data dal mischiarsi di russo ed inglese. In particolare vedremo il suo uso nella Stazione spaziale internazionale e se non stiamo assistendo alle fasi primordiali di un "creolo spaziale"!

Per ogni mia piccola conoscenza spaziale si ringrazia Adrian Fartade e il suo canale YouTube Link4Universe, in particolar modo per questa puntata la live su Twitch e caricata su Youtube "20 anni di Stazione Spaziale Internazionale: Storia, presente e futuro della ISS"

La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna

FONTI:

Bondarenko O. (2014) Does Russian English Exist? American Journal of Educational Research 2(9): 833.
Clyne, M. (2000). Constraints on code-switching: how universal are they? In Li Wei (ed.). The Bilingualism Reader. Routledge.
Harland D. (2004) The Story of Space Station Mir. Springer-Verlag New York Inc.
Merkulova, E.N. (2015). “Ay spik from may khart,” or does Runglish really exist? Political Linguistics 53(3):42-49
Rivlina A.A. (2020) Russian English and what it is not. Russian Journal of Linguistics 24(3):649-668.
https://www.nasa.gov/content/astronaut-selection-program/
http://cjonline.com/stories/101000/new_runglish.shtml#.WMjV86JOk2w https://www.thecut.com/2017/03/why-astronauts-speak-in-space-creole.html

Questo episodio affronta il concetto fuorviante di lingue facili e difficili analizzando il fenomeno super affascinante delle lingue creole. Non esiste infatti un solo creolo, ma molti creoli diversi basati su lingue diversissime tra loro. Eppure tutte le lingue creole hanno tratti comuni, per il semplice fatto che vengono sviluppate dal cervello umano.

La sigla è stata prodotta da White Hot e fornita da https://freebeats.io

Grafiche: Gianluca La Bruna

FONTI:

Calvet, L.J. (2006). Toward an Ecology of World Languages. Malden, MA: Polity Press.

DeGraff M (2003) Against creole exceptionalism. Language 79(2):391–410

Kachru Y. & Nelson C.L. (2006) World Englishes in Asian Contexts. Hong Kong University Press

Lupyan G., Dale R. (2010) Language structure is partly determined by social structure. PLoS One 20;5(1):e8559

Reali F, Chater N, Christiansen MH. (2018).Simpler grammar, larger vocabulary: How population size affects language. Proc Biol Sci. Jan 31

Sessarego, S. (2020) Not all grammatical features are robustly transmitted during the emergence of creoles. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 7:130

Taylor, D.; Hall, R.A. (1967). Review of Pidgin and Creole Languages. In R.A. Hall, Jr (Ed.) Language 43 (3):817–824

Thomason, S.G. & Kaufman, T. (1988), Language contact, creolization, and genetic linguistics, Berkeley: University of California Press

Todd, Loreto (1990), Pidgins and Creoles, Routledge

https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/lingue-creole/ ,