Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease that affects the colon and rectum, leading to symptoms such as severe bloody diarrhoea and abdominal pain. For many patients, the disease can become acute, with symptoms worsening rapidly and requiring hospitalization. In these cases, corticosteroids—powerful anti-inflammatory drugs—are often the first line of treatment. However, the effectiveness of corticosteroids varies significantly among patients, and a considerable number do not respond to this treatment, putting them at risk of severe complications, including the need for surgery.

Pancreatic cancer, particularly pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, stands as one of the most lethal cancers. Despite being only the ninth most common cancer in the United States, it is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related deaths. This discrepancy is due to its aggressive nature and the challenge of early diagnosis. By the time symptoms become apparent, the disease is often at an advanced stage, making it difficult to treat effectively. With a five-year survival rate of just 9% for late-stage diagnoses, researchers such as Prof. Ian Rabinowitz and his team at the University of New Mexico are determined to uncover the mysteries behind this formidable disease.

Over the next few decades, the Earth’s urban population is set to explode, with the large majority of growth happening in cities across the Global South. A team of researchers at the Universities of Kassel and Göttingen, led by Prof. Andreas Bürkert and Prof. Nikolaus Schareika, predicts that these changes will be widely characterized by a merging of rural and urban features: a concept defined as ‘rurbanity’ in a recent landmark publication authored by Dr. Ellen Hoffmann and colleagues. By studying this phenomenon closely, the team aims to support cities in the Global South in their efforts to better prepare for the challenges to come. The concept is comprehensive enough to allow researchers to also understand ongoing processes of change in more mature cities of the North, such as climate-smart and socially inclusive adaptations, through the lens of rurbanity.

In 2009, astronomers detected a mysterious source of high-energy, chargeless particles, which appeared to originate from the very edge of the solar system. Through fresh analysis, Dr Li Lu and colleagues at the Chinese Academy of Sciences have discovered that this distance may be an illusion, created by an effect relating to the solar wind as viewed by the commonly used parallax method. If correct, the team’s theory suggests that the as-yet enigmatic signal could actually originate from a source just beyond Earth’s atmosphere.

In the Kimberley region of Western Australia, Indigenous First Australians are partnering with researchers and together they are pioneering a revolutionary approach to environmental planning and management, called ‘Caring for the River Country’. By blending ancient wisdom, Indigenous First Law and science with Western science, they're reimagining our relationship with nature and offering a blueprint for global climate action. Professor Anne Poelina at the University of Notre Dame Australia argues that the key to our planet's future may lie in Indigenous knowledge and wisdom, and ways of conceiving of our natural environment as kin.

Forests are more than just a collection of trees; they are dynamic ecosystems that depend on a variety of factors to thrive. One of the most crucial yet often overlooked components of these ecosystems is the soil. Far from being just a passive foundation, soil is an active, living system that plays a vital role in determining the health and productivity of forests. A recent study by emeritus Professor James Moore of the University of Idaho and his colleagues offers a deep dive into how the geological origins of soil influence its chemical properties, shedding light on the intricate relationships between soil, vegetation, and forest management in the Inland Northwest region of the United States.

The Arctic is warming at a rate of three to four times faster than the global average; a phenomenon known as Arctic amplification. This is, in large part, a result of warming atmospheric temperatures causing a decline in snow and ice cover at high latitudes. This, in turn, increases the amount of solar energy absorbed by marine and terrestrial surfaces. As a result, near surface temperatures continue to increase, resulting in a further reduction of snow and ice. This represents a positive feedback where increased temperatures are coupled with a decline in snow and ice cover.

Coral reefs are often admired for their breathtaking beauty and rich biodiversity, but their significance goes far beyond what meets the eye. These vibrant underwater ecosystems are a vital source of food and nutrition for over 500 million people worldwide, particularly in tropical coastal regions where they serve as the backbone of local fisheries. However, coral reefs are under severe threat from the combined forces of climate change and overfishing, posing significant risks to global food security. In a recent Perspective article, Dr Camille Mellin of the University of Adelaide and her colleagues explored how these changes are impacting the nutritional value of fish that live on coral reefs, revealing important insights into the future of food and nutrition security.

In the Kimberley region of Western Australia, Indigenous First Australians are partnering with researchers and together they are pioneering a revolutionary approach to environmental planning and management, called ‘Caring for the River Country’. By blending ancient wisdom, Indigenous First Law and science with Western science, they're reimagining our relationship with nature and offering a blueprint for global climate action. Professor Anne Poelina at the University of Notre Dame Australia argues that the key to our planet's future may lie in Indigenous knowledge and wisdom, and ways of conceiving of our natural environment as kin.