Psalm 51 is one of the most poignant and heartfelt penitential psalms in the Bible, attributed to David after the prophet Nathan confronted him about his sin with Bathsheba. This psalm is a powerful expression of repentance, a plea for mercy, and a desire for renewal and purification. Here’s an in-depth look at Psalm 51:
Verses 1-2: Plea for Mercy
David begins by appealing to God’s unfailing love and great compassion, asking for mercy and the cleansing of his sin. He acknowledges his need for God’s grace and forgiveness.
• Verse 1: “Have mercy on me, O God, according to your unfailing love; according to your great compassion blot out my transgressions.” • Verse 2: “Wash away all my iniquity and cleanse me from my sin.”
Verses 3-6: Confession of Sin
David openly confesses his sins, recognizing their gravity and his responsibility. He acknowledges that his sins are ultimately against God, highlighting the depth of his remorse and understanding of divine justice.
• Verse 3: “For I know my transgressions and my sin is always before me.” • Verse 4: “Against you, you only, have I sinned and done what is evil in your sight; so you are right in your verdict and justified when you judge.” • Verse 5: “Surely I was sinful at birth, sinful from the time my mother conceived me.” • Verse 6: “Yet you desired faithfulness even in the womb; you taught me wisdom in that secret place.”
Verses 7-9: Request for Purification
David seeks purification and cleansing, using vivid imagery of being washed and made whiter than snow. He longs for joy and gladness to replace his brokenness and for his sins to be blotted out.
• Verse 7: “Cleanse me with hyssop, and I will be clean; wash me, and I will be whiter than snow.” • Verse 8: “Let me hear joy and gladness; let the bones you have crushed rejoice.” • Verse 9: “Hide your face from my sins and blot out all my iniquity.”
Verses 10-12: Prayer for Renewal
David prays for a pure heart and a steadfast spirit. He asks God not to cast him away or take away the Holy Spirit, but to restore the joy of salvation and grant him a willing spirit to sustain him.
• Verse 10: “Create in me a pure heart, O God, and renew a steadfast spirit within me.” • Verse 11: “Do not cast me from your presence or take your Holy Spirit from me.” • Verse 12: “Restore to me the joy of your salvation and grant me a willing spirit, to sustain me.”
Verses 13-17: Commitment to Testimony and Praise
In response to God’s forgiveness, David commits to teaching transgressors God’s ways and declaring His praise. He acknowledges that God desires a broken spirit and a contrite heart rather than sacrifices.
• Verse 13: “Then I will teach transgressors your ways, so that sinners will turn back to you.” • Verse 14: “Deliver me from the guilt of bloodshed, O God, you who are God my Savior, and my tongue will sing of your righteousness.” • Verse 15: “Open my lips, Lord, and my mouth will declare your praise.” • Verse 16: “You do not delight in sacrifice, or I would bring it; you do not take pleasure in burnt offerings.” • Verse 17: “My sacrifice, O God, is a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart you, God, will not despise.”
Verses 18-19: Prayer for Zion
David concludes with a prayer for the prosperity of Zion and the rebuilding of Jerusalem, indicating his understanding of the broader implications of his sin and repentance for the community.
• Verse 18: “May it please you to prosper Zion, to build up the walls of Jerusalem.” • Verse 19: “Then you will delight in the sacrifices of the righteous, in burnt offerings offered whole; then bulls will be offered on your altar.”
Themes and Lessons from Psalm 51
1. Repentance: The psalm is a model for genuine repentance, emphasizing acknowledgement of sin, seeking forgiveness, and desiring inner transformation. 2....