Date: March 3rd, 2022

Reference: Macnow et al. Effect of Screen Time on Recovery From Concussion: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Pediatrics 2021

Guest Skeptic: Dr. Catherine Varner is an Assistant Professor and Clinician Investigator in the Department of Family and Community Medicine at the University of Toronto. She is an emergency physician at Mount Sinai Hospital and a Clinician Scientist and the Deputy Director of the Schwartz-Reisman Emergency Medicine Institute. Dr. Varner’s research interests are in concussion and pregnancy care in the ED.

Case: An 18-year-old female presents to the emergency department (ED) after falling off a moving snowmobile and hitting her head on the ground. It was a witnessed fall; she was wearing a helmet at the time and there was no loss of consciousness. There were no other injuries reported and she is found to have a GCS score of 15 after the injury. The Acute Concussion Evaluation–Emergency Department (ACE-ED) Tool is used, and she scores a 2 for headache and feeling foggy. She knows about taking it easy physically for the next couple of days but wonders if she must stay off her computer as well?

Background: Concussions or mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) are commonly diagnosed in the Emergency Department (ED). Most patients recover within the first week; however, 15-30% of patients develop persistent post-concussive symptoms.

An issue that often comes up with minor head injuries is do we need to get advanced imaging. A paper by Dr. Ian Stiell and his group gave us a tool to help us decide who to scan with the now infamous clinical decision instrument called the Canadian CT Head Rule [1]. This classic paper was published in Lancet 2001 and reviewed on SGEM#106.

Another issue that comes up is whether children need strict rest after a concussion. SGEM#112 reviewed a small study by Thomas et al published in Pediatrics 2015 asking if there was a benefit to recommending strict rest after a child has a concussion [2]. The bottom line from that episode was that in children with concussion, two days of rest followed by a gradual return to activity is preferred over five days of rest followed by a gradual return to activity. The longer strict rest period appears to cause more post-concussive symptoms.

Our episode together looked at the impact of light exercise in adults with mild concussions on the likelihood of developing persistent symptoms up to 30 days following their injury (SGEM#331). We found there was not a statistical difference between light activities like walking and 48 hours of rest with gradual return to activity as tolerated. Our conclusions were that early light exercise may be encouraged as tolerated at ED discharge following mTBI, but this guidance is not sufficient to prevent persistent concussion symptoms [3].

The Acute Concussion Evaluation–Emergency Department (ACE-ED) tool is an instrument used by ED clinicians to diagnose a concussion and identify risk factors for prolonged recovery. It is both helpful for diagnosis and future management of symptoms. When a patient is recovering from a concussion, whether you are using ACE or another symptom scoring tool like the Postconcussion Symptom Scale or the Rivermead Post-concussion Symptom Questionnaire, future health care providers caring for the concussion patient may refer to the quantitative assessment of the patient’s symptoms in the acute phase of the injury.