Snippit Sports Science

Hi everyone,

 

We hope you are enjoying the mini-series on Ischemic Preconditioning. The last 2 episodes I thought introduce the concept really well (thanks to Sam Halley) followed up by the acute effects on both cardio and resistance exercise performance. Today's article review looks at a longitudinal approach to IPC. Although only 7 days it gives you an insight into the potential of something that is very easy to apply.

Stay tuned for the next 2 episodes expanding the concept of passive BFR and the uses in both general and sporting environment.

 

The article I review is called:

The effect of 1 week of repeated ischaemic leg preconditioning on simulated Keirin cycling performance: a randomised trial. 

Lindsay, A., Petersen, C., Blackwell, G., Ferguson, H., Parker, G., Steyn, N., & Gieseg, S. P. (2017).  

BMJ open sport & exercise medicine, 3(1).

 

If you are interested in getting a set of BFR cuffs head to my website for more information and to purchase your own set: www.sportsrehab.com.au

Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

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Hi there and welcome back.

This small mini-series looks at the concept of Ischemic Preconditioning (IPC). This is a simple and passive concept within the world of BFR. The first episode looked at the concept and research behind IPC with Sam Halley. He also spoke about his research and how it can help improve kayak performance. 

Building on the last episode, today we look at the role that IPC can assist in a gym session. This is quite a recent article but for me has relevance to what we'd typically see in a gym session. 

The article I review is called:

Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Resistance Training Session Performance

Jefferson da Silva Novaes 1 2, Luiz Guilherme da Silva Telles 1 3, Estêvão Rios Monteiro 1 4, Gleisson da Silva Araujo 1 5, Jakob L Vingren 6, Patrícia Silva Panza 2, Victor Machado Reis 7, Mateus Camaroti Laterza 2, Jeferson Macedo Vianna 2

Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effect of ischemic preconditioning (IPC) in a resistance exercise (RE) training session on the number of repetitions performed, total volume, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally trained and normotensive men.

Sixteen recreationally trained and normotensive men completed 3 RE sessions in a counterbalanced and randomized order: (a) IPC protocol using 220 mm Hg followed by RE (IPC), (b) IPC cuff control protocol with 20 mm Hg followed by RE (CUFF), and (c) no IPC (control) followed by RE (CON). RE was performed with 3 sets of each exercise (bench press, leg press, lateral pulldown, hack machine squat, shoulder press, and Smith back squat) until concentric muscular failure, at 80% of one repetition maximum, with 90 seconds of rest between sets and 2 minutes of rest between exercises. Ischemic preconditioning and CUFF consisted of 4 cycles of 5 minutes of occlusion/low pressure alternating with 5 minutes of no occlusion (0 mm Hg) using a pneumatic tourniquet applied around the subaxillary region of the upper arm.

For each condition, the number of repetitions completed, total volume of work performed, and rating of perceived exertion were determined. No significant difference was found for rating of perceived exertion between any experimental protocol. Ischemic preconditioning significantly (p < 0.05) increased the number of repetitions across exercises.

Consequently, total volume performed (sum of total number of repetitions x load for each exercise) was significantly higher in IPC (46,170 kg) compared with CON (34,069 kg) and CUFF (36,590 kg) across all exercises. This work may have important implications for athletic populations because it demonstrates increase in muscle performance outcomes during a single RE session.

Therefore, performing IPC before RE could be an important exercise prescription recommendation to increase maximum repetition performance and total volume of work performed and thus potentially increase desired training adaptations (i.e., strength and hypertrophy).

 

Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

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Thanks for joining in for this month's episode. 

Chris is back after a small hiatus from Snippit and the next few podcasts will be a mini-series exploring the world of Ischemic Preconditioning. To introduce the topic, I thought it would be best to have someone who is currently studying this area. So in this episode we will be joined by Sam Halley who hopefully by the time this episode airs should have officially completed and be awarded his PhD. His PhD focused on the area of Ischemic Preconditioning (IPC) and this podcast will essentially be 2 parts.

The first section revisits what IPC is, what this means for exercise performance and some of his own work looking at the effect of IPC on nqurmusucalr function during intense exercise. The second part takes the concept of IPC into the real world of sporting performance. It looks at how the application of IPC on kayak 1000m performance.

The advantage of IPC is that it is a passive intervention that comprises of three to four 5 minute alternating cycles of blood flow occlusion and reperfusion across limbs. Exercise performance trials have demonstrated small, albeit inconsistent, ergogenic effects during aerobic and exhaustive tasks. His work with kayak athletes is well worth the listen.

We also discuss how this type of intervention could be of benefit with other athletes and in particular he highlights the potential for big-wave surfers and swimmers. Sam covers a lot in this podcast with a lot of practical take-aways.

If you want to contact him, his details are:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/beachshalleyball/

Email: [email protected]

Researchgate: Sam Halley

I hope you enjoyed this episode. 

 

This podcast aired on my other podcast called BFR Radio. The next few episodes will delve into different areas of sports performance and how BFR IPC can assist.

For more information or to order your own set of BFR cuffs please visit my website: www.sportsrehab.com.au

 

Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

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Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise.

 

Bermon, S, Castell, LM, Calder, PC, Bishop, NC, Blomstrand, E, Mooren, FC, Krüger, K, Kavazis, AN, Quindry, JC, Senchina, DS, Nieman, DC, Gleeson, M, Pyne, DB, Kitic, CM, Close, GL, Larson-Meyer, DE, Marcos, A, Meydani, SN, Walsh, NP and Nagatomi, R (2017) Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise. Exercise Immunology Review, 23. pp. 8-50. ISSN 1077-5552

 

Abstract

 

In this consensus statement on immunonutrition and exercise, a panel of knowledgeable contributors from across the globe provides a consensus of updated science, including the background, the aspects for which a consensus actually exists, the controversies and, when possible, suggested directions for future research.

 

Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

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Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise.

 

Bermon, S, Castell, LM, Calder, PC, Bishop, NC, Blomstrand, E, Mooren, FC, Krüger, K, Kavazis, AN, Quindry, JC, Senchina, DS, Nieman, DC, Gleeson, M, Pyne, DB, Kitic, CM, Close, GL, Larson-Meyer, DE, Marcos, A, Meydani, SN, Walsh, NP and Nagatomi, R (2017) Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise. Exercise Immunology Review, 23. pp. 8-50. ISSN 1077-5552

 

Abstract

 

In this consensus statement on immunonutrition and exercise, a panel of knowledgeable contributors from across the globe provides a consensus of updated science, including the background, the aspects for which a consensus actually exists, the controversies and, when possible, suggested directions for future research.

 

Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

Thanks again for listening.  Please check out some of our other content below.

 

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Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise.

 

Bermon, S, Castell, LM, Calder, PC, Bishop, NC, Blomstrand, E, Mooren, FC, Krüger, K, Kavazis, AN, Quindry, JC, Senchina, DS, Nieman, DC, Gleeson, M, Pyne, DB, Kitic, CM, Close, GL, Larson-Meyer, DE, Marcos, A, Meydani, SN, Walsh, NP and Nagatomi, R (2017) Consensus Statement Immunonutrition and Exercise. Exercise Immunology Review, 23. pp. 8-50. ISSN 1077-5552

 

Abstract

 

In this consensus statement on immunonutrition and exercise, a panel of knowledgeable contributors from across the globe provides a consensus of updated science, including the background, the aspects for which a consensus actually exists, the controversies and, when possible, suggested directions for future research.

 

Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

Thanks again for listening.  Please check out some of our other content below.

 

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Exercise immunology: involved components and varieties in different types of physical exercise

Samuel Inkabi, Giggil Pushpamithran, Paul Richter, Kwadwo Attakora

Published 2017

Journal of Life Sciences

Physical exercise induces modifications in the immune system influencing either positively or negatively on health depending on its frequency, duration, and intensity. Acute or moderate physical exercise increases appreciably the immune cells, including cytokine levels while decreasing other components like NK cells, leading to a stronger response to pathogens as well as decreasing liability to allergic reactions. The expression of Toll-like receptors (TLR) is elevated as well, augmenting the positive effect. Exhaustive physical exercise, by contrast, modifies the immune system adversely. This review explores the links between physical exercise, immune cells and cytokines, and the immunological effects that have been studied by the performance of different kinds of physical exercise.

 

Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

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Effect of Body Position on Force Production During the Isometric Midthigh Pull

Beckham, George K.

Sato, Kimitake

Santana, Hugo A.P.

Mizuguchi, Satoshi

Haff, G. Gregory

Stone, Michael H.

The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research: January 2018 - Volume 32 - Issue 1 - p 48-56

doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001968

Abstract

Beckham, GK, Sato, K, Santana, HAP, Mizuguchi, S, Haff, GG, and Stone, MH. Effect of body position on force production during the isometric midthigh pull. J Strength Cond Res 32(1): 48–56, 2018

Various body positions have been used in the scientific literature when performing the isometric midthigh pull resulting in divergent results.

We evaluated force production in the isometric midthigh pull in bent (125° knee and 125° hip angles) and upright (125° knee, 145° hip angle) positions in subjects with (>6 months) and without (

Happy Easter everyone.

Isometric training is very topical at the moment with the current situation that most of us are currently experiencing. Today's episode follows on the first 3 in the series of Isometric training. In particular we look at the isometric squat and how it relates to measures of strength and explosiveness. After this episode we have another 2 isometric papers to round out this series.

Again, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000751.

The use of the isometric squat as a measure of strength and explosiveness.

Bazyler CD1, Beckham GK, Sato K.

 

J Strength Cond Res. 2015 May;29(5):1386-92.

Abstract

The isometric squat has been used to detect changes in kinetic variables as a result of training; however, controversy exists in its application to dynamic multijoint tasks. Thus, the purpose of this study was to further examine the relationship between isometric squat kinetic variables and isoinertial strength measures.

Subjects (17 men, 1-repetition maximum [1RM]: 148.2 ± 23.4 kg) performed squats 2 d · wk(-1) for 12 weeks and were tested on 1RM squat, 1RM partial squat, and isometric squat at 90° and 120° of knee flexion.

Test-retest reliability was very good for all isometric measures (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.90); however, rate of force development 250 milliseconds at 90° and 120° seemed to have a higher systematic error (relative technical error of measurement = 8.12%, 9.44%).

Pearson product-moment correlations indicated strong relationships between isometric peak force at 90° (IPF 90°) and 1RM squat (r = 0.86), and IPF 120° and 1RM partial squat (r = 0.79). Impulse 250 milliseconds (IMP) at 90° and 120° exhibited moderate to strong correlations with 1RM squat (r = 0.70, 0.58) and partial squat (r = 0.73, 0.62), respectively.

Rate of force development at 90° and 120° exhibited weak to moderate correlations with 1RM squat (r = 0.55, 0.43) and partial squat (r = 0.32, 0.42), respectively.

These findings demonstrate a degree of joint angle specificity to dynamic tasks for rapid and peak isometric force production.

In conclusion, an isometric squat performed at 90° and 120° is a reliable testing measure that can provide a strong indication of changes in strength and explosiveness during training.

 

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MINI REVIEW ARTICLE

Front. Physiol., 13 August 2019 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01031

 

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation as a Potential Countermeasure for Skeletal Muscle Atrophy and Weakness During Human Spaceflight

Nicola A. Maffiuletti, David A. Green, Marco Aurelio Vaz and Marlou L. Dirks

Human Performance Lab, Schulthess Clinic, Zurich, Switzerland

Space Medicine Team, HRE-OM, European Astronaut Centre, European Space Agency, Cologne, Germany

KBRwyle, Wyle Laboratories GmbH, Cologne, Germany

King’s College London, Centre for Human & Applied Physiological Sciences (CHAPS), London, United Kingdom

Exercise Research Laboratory (LAPEX), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil

Department of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom

Human spaceflight is associated with a substantial loss of skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength. Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) evokes involuntary muscle contractions, which have the potential to preserve or restore skeletal muscle mass and neuromuscular function during and/or post spaceflight. This assumption is largely based on evidence from terrestrial disuse/immobilization studies without the use of large exercise equipment that may not be available in spaceflight beyond the International Space Station. In this mini-review we provide an overview of the rationale and evidence for NMES based on the terrestrial state-of-the-art knowledge, compare this to that used in orbit, and in ground-based analogs in order to provide practical recommendations for implementation of NMES in future space missions. Emphasis will be placed on knee extensor and plantar flexor muscles known to be particularly susceptible to deconditioning in space missions.

 

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