Snippit Sports Science

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Hi there,

Both Jared and I are currently in a very busy time period of work. In particular Jared is in the thick of his PhD writing so we've decided to push our podcast release to a fortnight format.  Once things settle down we'll get back to our weekly format.

Today's article review in my opinion is a really practical paper. It reviews the mechanism of hamstring injuries in sprinting and then highlights a few different exercises that would be of benefit to include into a strengthening program.  The paper has pictures so do yourself a favour and download it.

Hamstring exercises for track and field athletes: injury and exercise biomechanics, and possible implications for exercise selection and primary prevention.

Malliaropoulos N1, Mendiguchia J, Pehlivanidis H, Papadopoulou S, Valle X, Malliaras P, Maffulli N.

 

Br J Sports Med. 2012 Sep;46(12):846-51. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090474. Epub 2012 Jun 9.

 

Abstract

Hamstring strain injuries are the most prevalent muscle injuries in track and field (TF). These injuries often cause prolonged symptoms and a high risk of re-injury. Strengthening of the hamstring muscles has been recommended for injury prevention. The authors review the possible role of eccentric training in TF hamstring injury prevention and introduce exercise classification criteria to guide clinicians in designing strengthening programmes adapted to TF. The principles exposed may serve as a foundation for future development and application of new eccentric programmes to decrease the high incidence of this type of injury in other sports.

 

Also, thank you to our podcast sponsor EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29971434

 

JAMA Intern Med. 2018 Aug 1;178(8):1086-1097. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2425

 

Association of Coffee Drinking With Mortality by Genetic Variation in Caffeine Metabolism: Findings From the UK Biobank.

 

Loftfield E, Cornelis MC, Caporaso N, Yu K, Sinha R, Freedman N.

 

Abstract

 

IMPORTANCE:

Prospective cohorts in North America, Europe, and Asia show consistent inverse associations between coffee drinking and mortality, including deaths from cardiovascular disease and some cancers. However, concerns about coffee, particularly among people with common genetic polymorphisms affecting caffeine metabolism and among those drinking more than 5 cups per day, remain.

 

OBJECTIVE:

To evaluate associations of coffee drinking with mortality by genetic caffeine metabolism score.

 

DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS:

The UK Biobank is a population-based study that invited approximately 9.2 million individuals from across the United Kingdom to participate. We used baseline demographic, lifestyle, and genetic data form the UK Biobank cohort, with follow-up beginning in 2006 and ending in 2016, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for coffee intake and mortality, using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models. We investigated potential effect modification by caffeine metabolism, defined by a genetic score of previously identified polymorphisms in AHR, CYP1A2, CYP2A6, and POR that have an effect on caffeine metabolism. Of the 502 641 participants who consented with baseline data, we included those who were not pregnant and had complete data on coffee intake and smoking status (n = 498 134).

 

EXPOSURES:

Total, ground, instant, and decaffeinated coffee intake.

 

MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES:

All-cause and cause-specific mortality.

 

RESULTS:

The mean age of the participants was 57 years (range, 38-73 years); 271 019 (54%) were female, and 387 494 (78%) were coffee drinkers. Over 10 years of follow-up, 14 225 deaths occurred. Coffee drinking was inversely associated with all-cause mortality. Using non-coffee drinkers as the reference group, HRs for drinking less than 1, 1, 2 to 3, 4 to 5, 6 to 7, and 8 or more cups per day were 0.94 (95% CI, 0.88-1.01), 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.97), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84-0.93), 0.88 (95% CI, 0.83-0.93), 0.84 (95% CI, 0.77-0.92), and 0.86 (95% CI, 0.77-0.95), respectively. Similar associations were observed for instant, ground, and decaffeinated coffee, across common causes of death, and regardless of genetic caffeine metabolism score. For example, the HRs for 6 or more cups per day ranged from 0.70 (95% CI, 0.53-0.94) to 0.92 (95% CI, 0.78-1.10), with no evidence of effect modification across strata of caffeine metabolism score (P = .17 for heterogeneity).

 

CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:

Coffee drinking was inversely associated with mortality, including among those drinking 8 or more cups per day and those with genetic polymorphisms indicating slower or faster caffeine metabolism. These findings suggest the importance of noncaffeine constituents in the coffee-mortality association and provide further reassurance that coffee drinking can be a part of a healthy diet.

 

PMID: 29971434

PMCID: PMC6143111

DOI: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.2425

 

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 

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Hi everyone,

I would have to say that performing a hip-thrust strength exercise has gained a lot of popularity in recent years. I would have to say that I enjoy programming it for athletes that I train and that its a great exercise to perform where they can lift a heavy load without excessive axial loading on the body (as with a squat). Therefore considering it as a PAP activity prior to sprinting provides an interesting concept for consideration.  So today's article I review is:

Hip thrust-based PAP effects on sprint performance of soccer players: heavy-loaded versusoptimum-power development protocols.

Dello Iacono A1,2, Seitz LB3.

 

J Sports Sci. 2018 Oct;36(20):2375-2382. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2018.1458400. Epub 2018 Mar 29

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of two barbell hip thrust-based post-activation potentiation (PAP) protocols on subsequent sprint performance. Using a crossover design, eighteen soccer athletes performed 5 m, 10 m, and 20 m sprints before and 15 s, 4 min, and 8 min after two PAP protocols.

The PAP conditioning activities consisted of hip thrust exercises loaded with either 85% 1RM or a load for optimum power development. The resulting 5 m and 10 m sprint performances were impaired at 15 s following both protocols. At 4 min and 8 min, meaningful improvements were observed for the three sprint distances following both of the protocols.

Meaningful differences were found when comparing the two PAPs over time: greater impairments in 5 m and 10 m following the 85% of 1 RM protocol after 15 s, and greater improvements in all sprint distances after 4 min and 8 min following the optimum powerdevelopment protocol.

Positive correlations between the hip thrust's 1RM and power values and the overall individual PAP responses were found. This investigation showed that both heavy-loaded and optimum-power hip thrust exercises can induce a PAP response, with the optimum-power development protocol preferred due its higher efficiency.

 

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https://www.bmj.com/content/bmj/359/bmj.j5024.full.pdf

 

Coffee consumption and health: umbrella review of meta-analyses of multiple health outcomes

 

Poole, Robin; Kennedy, Oliver J; Roderick, Paul; Fallowfield, Jonathan A; Hayes, Peter C; et al.

 

BMJ : British Medical Journal (Online); London Vol. 359,  (Nov 21, 2017). DOI:10.1136/bmj.j5024

 

 

Abstract

 

Objectives 

To evaluate the existing evidence for associations between coffee consumption and multiple health outcomes.

 

Design 

Umbrella review of the evidence across meta-analyses of observational and interventional studies of coffee consumption and any health outcome.

 

Data sources 

PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and screening of references.

 

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies 

Meta-analyses of both observational and interventional studies that examined the associations between coffee consumption and any health outcome in any adult population in all countries and all settings. Studies of genetic polymorphisms for coffee metabolism were excluded.

 

Results 

The umbrella review identified 201 meta-analyses of observational research with 67 unique health outcomes and 17 meta-analyses of interventional research with nine unique outcomes. Coffee consumption was more often associated with benefit than harm for a range of health outcomes across exposures including high versus low, any versus none, and one extra cup a day. There was evidence of a non-linear association between consumption and some outcomes, with summary estimates indicating largest relative risk reduction at intakes of three to four cups a day versus none, including all cause mortality (relative risk 0.83, 95% confidence interval 0.83 to 0.88), cardiovascular mortality (0.81, 0.72 to 0.90), and cardiovascular disease (0.85, 0.80 to 0.90). High versus low consumption was associated with an 18% lower risk of incident cancer (0.82, 0.74 to 0.89). Consumption was also associated with a lower risk of several specific cancers and neurological, metabolic, and liver conditions. Harmful associations were largely nullified by adequate adjustment for smoking, except in pregnancy, where high versus low/no consumption was associated with low birth weight (odds ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 1.03 to 1.67), preterm birth in the first (1.22, 1.00 to 1.49) and second (1.12, 1.02 to 1.22) trimester, and pregnancy loss (1.46, 1.06 to 1.99). There was also an association between coffee drinking and risk of fracture in women but not in men.

 

Conclusion 

Coffee consumption seems generally safe within usual levels of intake, with summary estimates indicating largest risk reduction for various health outcomes at three to four cups a day, and more likely to benefit health than harm. Robust randomised controlled trials are needed to understand whether the observed associations are causal. Importantly, outside of pregnancy, existing evidence suggests that coffee could be tested as an intervention without significant risk of causing harm. Women at increased risk of fracture should possibly be excluded.

 

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 

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Welcome to Episode 70.

Today's episode revisits our original concept of short and snappy (hence Snippit) article reviews.  I also put a slightly different spin on the review as I personally copied the same study and did the protocol as a comparison. It was a good challenge and I give my own results and personal opinion on this type of training.

Hope you enjoy it.

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Effects of low-intensity bench press training with restricted arm muscle blood flow on chest muscle hypertrophy: a pilot study.

Yasuda T1, Fujita S, Ogasawara R, Sato Y, Abe T.

 

Abstract

Single-joint resistance training with blood flow restriction (BFR) results in significant increases in arm or leg muscle size and single-joint strength. However, the effect of multijoint BFR training on both blood flow restricted limb and non-restricted trunk muscles remain poorly understood.

To examine the impact of BFR bench press training on hypertrophic response to non-restricted (chest) and restricted (upper-arm) muscles and multi-joint strength, 10 young men were randomly divided into either BFR training (BFR-T) or non-BFR training (CON-T) groups.

They performed 30% of one repetition maximal (1-RM) bench press exercise (four sets, total 75 reps) twice daily, 6 days week(-1) for 2 weeks.

During the exercise session, subjects in the BFR-T group placed elastic cuffs proximally on both arms, with incremental increases in external compression starting at 100 mmHg and ending at 160 mmHg. Before and after the training, triceps brachii and pectoralis major muscle thickness (MTH), bench press 1-RM and serum anabolic hormones were measured.

Two weeks of training led to a significant increase (P

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https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064941

 

Coffee, Caffeine, and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review

 

Annual Review of Nutrition

Vol. 37:131-156 (Volume publication date August 2017) https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-nutr-071816-064941

 

Giuseppe Grosso, Justyna Godos, Fabio Galvano, and Edward L. Giovannucci

 

Abstract

 

To evaluate the associations between coffee and caffeine consumption and various health outcomes, we performed an umbrella review of the evidence from meta-analyses of observational studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs).

 

Of the 59 unique outcomes examined in the selected 112 meta-analyses of observational studies, coffee was associated with a probable decreased risk of breast, colorectal, colon, endometrial, and prostate cancers; cardiovascular disease and mortality; Parkinson's disease; and type-2 diabetes. Of the 14 unique outcomes examined in the 20 selected meta-analyses of observational studies, caffeine was associated with a probable decreased risk of Parkinson's disease and type-2 diabetes and an increased risk of pregnancy loss. Of the 12 unique acute outcomes examined in the selected 9 meta-analyses of RCTs, coffee was associated with a rise in serum lipids, but this result was affected by significant heterogeneity, and caffeine was associated with a rise in blood pressure.

 

Given the spectrum of conditions studied and the robustness of many of the results, these findings indicate that coffee can be part of a healthful diet.

 

Keywords

coffee, caffeine, cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative disease

 

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 

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Hi there. 

Today's episodes looks at the response of two difference types of eccentric strength training on trained rugby players.  This is another great paper that comes out from New Zealand. They used well trained (i.e. strong) athletes that has great applicability to any strength coach.

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 Effects of Accentuated Eccentric Loading on Muscle Properties, Strength, Power, and Speed in Resistance-Trained Rugby Players.

J Strength Cond Res 32(10): 2750-2761, 2018

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of slow and fast tempo resistance training incorporating accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) compared with traditional resistance training (TRT) in trained rugby players.

Fourteen subjects (19.4 ± 0.8 years, 1.82 ± 0.05 m, 97.0 ± 11.6 kg, and relative back squat 1 repetition maximum [1RM]: 1.71 ± 0.24 kg·BM) completed either AEL (n = 7) or TRT (n = 7) strength and power protocols.

Two 4-week phases of training were completed. The first phase emphasized a slow eccentric tempo, and the second phase emphasized a fast eccentric tempo. Back squat 1RM, inertial load peak power, drop jump reactive strength index (RSI), 40-m speed, maximum sprinting velocity (Vmax), and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle architectural variables were determined at baseline and after each phase of training.

Slow AEL elicited superior improvements in back squat 1RM (+0.12 kg·BM; effect size [ES]: 0.48; and 90% confidence interval [CI]: 0.14, 0.82), 40-m time (-0.07 seconds; ES: 0.28; and CI: 0.01-0.55), and Vmax (+0.20 m·s; ES: 0.52; and CI: 0.18-0.86) vs. slow TRT.

Fast AEL elicited a small increase in RSI but impaired speed. There was a likely greater increase in peak power with fast TRT (+0.72 W·kg; ES: 0.40; and CI: 0.00-0.79) vs. fast AEL alongside a small increase in VL pennation angle.

The short-term incorporation of slow AEL was superior to TRT in improving strength and maximum velocity sprinting speed in rugby players undertaking a concurrent preparatory program. The second 4-week phase of fast AEL may have exceeded recovery capabilities compared with fast TRT.

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https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30736268

 

J Clin Med. 2019 Feb 6;8(2). pii: E193. doi: 10.3390/jcm8020193.

Influence of a 30-Day Slow-Paced Breathing Intervention Compared to Social Media Use on Subjective Sleep Quality and Cardiac Vagal Activity.

Laborde S, Hosang T, Mosley E, Dosseville F

 

Abstract

Breathing techniques are part of traditional relaxation methods; however, their influence on psychophysiological variables related to sleep is still unclear. Consequently, the aim of this paper was to investigate the influence of a 30-day slow-paced breathing intervention compared to social media use on subjective sleep quality and cardiac vagal activity (CVA, operationalized via high-frequency heart rate variability).

 

Healthy participants (n = 64, 33 male, 31 female, M = 22.11, SD = 3.12) were randomly allocated to an experimental or control group. In the experimental group, they had to perform slow-paced breathing for 15 min each evening across a 30-day period. This was administered through a smartphone application. The control group used social media (e.g., Facebook, Instagram, Whatsapp) for the same duration. The night before and after the intervention, their CVA was assessed via a light portable Electrocardiogram (ECG) device, and they had to fill out the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaire.

 

Results showed that in comparison to the use of social media, the slow-paced breathing technique improved subjective sleep quality and increased overnight CVA, while a tendency was observed for morning awakening CVA. Slow-paced breathing appears a promising cost-effective technique to improve subjective sleep quality and cardiovascular function during sleep in young healthy individuals.

 

KEYWORDS:

cardiac coherence; cardiac vagal tone; deep breathing; high-frequency heart rate variability (HF-HRV); neurovisceral integration model; parasympathetic nervous system; respiratory sinus arrhythmia; slow breathing; vagal tank theory; vagus nerve

 

PMID: 30736268

PMCID: PMC6406675

DOI: 10.3390/jcm8020193

 

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 

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Hi everyone and welcome to Snippit Sports Science podcast.  We are sponsored by EliteForm, which comobines and integrated online strength planner and velocity tracking system using 3D video technology. 

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Today we chat about hamstring exercises and strength measures.  

The single-leg Roman chair hold is more effective than the Nordic hamstring curl in improving hamstring strength-endurance in Gaelic footballers with previous hamstring injury.

J Strength Cond Res. 2018 Mar 6. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002526.

 

Authors: Macdonald B, O'Neill J, Pollock N, Van Hooren B

Abstract

Poor hamstring strength-endurance is a risk factor for hamstring injuries. This study investigated the effectiveness of the single-leg Roman hold and Nordic hamstring curl in improving hamstring strength-endurance. Twelve Gaelic footballers (mean ± standard deviation age, height and mass were 25.17 ± 3.46 years, 179.25 ± 5.88 cm, 85.75 ± 4.75 kilo) with a history of hamstring injury were randomized into 2 groups that performed 6 weeks of either Nordic hamstring curl, or single-leg Roman chair hold training. The single-leg hamstring bridge (SLHB) was measured pre- and post- intervention. The Roman chair group showed a very likely moderate magnitude improvement on SLHB performance for both legs (23.7% for the previously injured leg [90% confidence interval 9.6% to 39.6%] and 16.9% for the non-injured leg [6.2% to 28.8%]). The Nordic curl group showed a likely trivial change in SLHB performance for the non-injured leg (-2.1% [-6.7% to 2.6%]) and an unclear, but possibly trivial change for the previously injured leg (0.3% [-5.6% to 6.6%]). The Roman chair group improved very likely more with a moderate magnitude in both the non-injured (19.5% [8.0% to 32.2%]) and the previously injured leg (23.3% [8.5% to 40.0%]) compared to the Nordic curl group. This study demonstrated that 6-weeks single-leg Roman chair training substantially improved SLHB performance, suggesting that it may be an efficacious strategy to mitigate hamstring (re-) injury risk. Conversely, 6-weeks Nordic curl training did not substantially improve SLHB performance, suggesting this may not be the intervention of choice for modifying this risk factor.

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https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2018/05001/Physical_Activity_Levels_of_Students_Walking.1927.aspx

 

Physical Activity Levels of Students Walking Shelter Dogs in an Activity Course

A Pilot Study 2362 Board #198 June 1 930 AM - 1100 AM

Sartore-Baldwin, Melanie; Das, Bhibha, M.; Schwab, Lacey; DuBose, Katrina, FACSM

 

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: May 2018 - Volume 50 - Issue 5S - p 583

doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000537009.25499.51

E-36 Free Communication/Poster

Walking for Better Health

Friday, June 1, 2018, 7:30 AM - 12:30

PM Room: CC-Hall B

 

 

While it is becoming less and less common for four-year colleges and universities to require physical activity courses as part of student curricula, many schools continue to offer elective physical activity courses. These elective courses are important given the benefits associated with physical activity and the low levels of physical activity found within the college student population. College and universities also stress the importance of community engagement within their courses, suggesting that addressing the physical activity needs of others, such as shelter dogs, within activity-based courses may benefit multiple entities.

 

PURPOSE: 

The purpose of this study was to assess the physical activity levels of students enrolled in a service-learning fitness walking course in which students walk local shelter dogs.

 

METHODS: 

Ten college students (age = 20.8 years (SD = 1.23); 80% female; 90% White), enrolled in a fitness walking course that met at the county animal shelter, were asked to wear NL-1000 pedometers twice a week for 50 minutes for a duration of 10 weeks. Students will complete a survey about their experience at the end of the semester.

 

RESULTS: 

Preliminary results indicate that, on average, students acquired approximately 4726.5 steps (SD = 299.14; range 2167-6212 steps) per walking session and walk an average of 2.26 miles (SD = .14; range 1.06-3.23 miles). Of the time spent on these walks, approximately 28.5 minutes (SD = 2.4; range 11.32-43.44 minutes) was moderate physical activity.

 

CONCLUSIONS: 

Students enrolled in this course are currently reaching approximately 40% of their recommended daily physical activity requirements during class time. To date, student perceptions of the course have been overwhelmingly positive suggesting that incorporating shelter dogs into a physical activity elective course at a college or university can promote physical activity amongst college students. The local shelter dogs also benefitted from being physically active demonstrating the utility of community engagement when seeking new and fun ways to promote physical activity among college students.

 

© 2018 American College of Sports Medicine

 

 

https://journals.lww.com/acsm-msse/fulltext/2018/05001/Preliminary_Findings_From_A_Stealth_Physical.198.aspx

Preliminary Findings From A Stealth Physical Activity Intervention Targeting Inactive Dog Owners

300 Board #141 May 30 930 AM - 1100 AM

Becofsky, Katie; Mastellar, Brittany; Cawley, Erin; Mudway, Rachel; Saleeba, Connor; Shostek, Alec

 

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise: May 2018 - Volume 50 - Issue 5S - p 61

doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000535280.76127.18

A-47 Free Communication/Poster

Interventions and Health Promotion

Wednesday, May 30, 2018, 7:30 AM - 12:30

PM Room: CC-Hall B

 

Given that 60 million American households own at least one dog, there is growing interest in promoting dog walking to increase physical activity at the population level. An estimated 40% of dog owners do not walk the dog regularly, providing a large target population for intervention. Dog obedience training could plausibly serve as a stealth physical activity intervention as it aims to strengthen the dog-owner bond, a construct strongly associated with dog walking behavior.

 

PURPOSE: 

To examine changes in dog owners’ self-reported dog walking behavior and device-measured moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) after completing basic obedience training.

 

METHODS: 

Forty-one healthy but inactive individuals (85% female; mean age=40) who reported walking their dog ≤3 d/wk were randomized to a 6-week basic obedience training class (INT; n=21) or wait list control group (CON; n=20). Participants recorded all dog walking bouts and wore an Actigraph GT3X+ on their right hip for 7d at baseline and 6-weeks. T-tests assessed group differences in self-reported dog walking and device-measured MVPA change scores.

 

RESULTS: 

At baseline, participants reported 48.5±62.7 min/wk of dog walking and averaged 22.0±14.0 min/d of MVPA. Intervention participants that completed post-program assessments (n=17) attended an average 5.6 of 6 training classes. Preliminary analyses of n=31 participants (n=13 INT) with valid Actigraph data (≥4d with ≥8hrs weartime at both time points) found a differential change in self-reported dog walking behavior between groups (+36.1±58.4min/wk versus -26.7±90.3min/wk in INT and CON participants, respectively; p=0.04), but no differential change in MVPA (+7.4±22.2min/d versus +1.6±11.3min/d in INT and CON participants, respectively; p=0.35).

 

CONCLUSIONS: 

In this small pilot study, dog obedience training led to increases in self-reported dog walking behavior but no change in device-measured MVPA as compared to a waitlist control group. There was large variability in both physical activity outcomes measures, so results should be interpreted with caution. This approach should be tested in a larger sample and should specifically target inactive dog owners that intend to or would like to walk the dog regularly but report barriers (rather than owners that do not intend to walk the dog).

 

© 2018 American College of Sports Medicine

 

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 

Snippit is sponsored by EliteForm, which brings together cutting edge sports science technologies.  Thank you EliteForm for making Snippit possible. Please visit https://eliteform.com and check out their products, StrengthPlanner and PowerTracker.

 

 

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