As the world enters the fourth decade of the HIV epidemic, progress is
finally noted in the fight against this global pandemic. Access to
effective treatment has in particular increased, with beneficial effects
on the health and life expectancy of people living with HIV. At the
same time, in Australia and other resource rich countries, new HIV
infections continue to occur at high rates and have been rising
throughout the last decade. Treatment can play a role in reducing the
transmission of HIV, but treatment alone is not enough and cost
effective behavioural prevention approaches are available that in recent
years have recieved much less priority. HIV prevention may in the
future benefit from new biomedical approaches, including those that
capitalise on the use of treatment. To date, however, evidence of the
success of biomedical HIV prevention in real-life conditions is limited
and many of those approaches will continue to rely on the behaviours of
individuals and communities. These behaviours are shaped by a myriad of
social factors and HIV prevention responses that reflect appropriate
understanding of the complexity of human behaviour remain critical in
achieving sustained success. This presentation will highlight the
exciting new contributions contemporary theorising of social behaviour
is making to HIV prevention.