Speculators Podcast

✅ Start Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business: https://go.tradacc.com/video

Discover how the world's top traders like Al Brooks, Merritt Black, Brannigan Barrett, Matt PAX Kenah, and Jeff Holden balance the extraordinary opportunity offered from financial markets with the risk management required to actually take advantage of it. This is a delicate balance that A LOT of people struggle with. There's virtually unlimited opportunity in markets, but there's also unlimited risk. Striking the right balance of risk-reward is absolutely critical for consistency & overall longevity as a trader.

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Intro to Risk vs. Reward
1:02 Merritt Black - https://youtu.be/hqvL46TkcCM
3:06 Al Brooks - https://youtu.be/JQc3_CvwW-Q
6:03 Brannigan Barrett - https://youtu.be/fgxfqBRE2c0
11:17 Austin Silver - https://youtu.be/QZDi87Jt2f4
13:59 Jerremy Newsome - https://youtu.be/9_o5Vu8yvmI
17:26 Jack Schwager - https://youtu.be/dHGBi06Tvos
19:04 Jeff Holden - https://youtu.be/_wPpbhwK2lg
20:57 Anne-Marie Baiynd - https://youtu.be/dG0MhCW3Y0M
24:08 Peter Reznicek - https://youtu.be/NICjW33H3C0
28:08 John Grady - https://youtu.be/CYatpxj8Nmo
29:33 Merritt Black - https://youtu.be/hqvL46TkcCM
37:05 Jason Shapiro - https://youtu.be/quDBppC0rxQ
40:39 Matt PAX Kenah - https://youtu.be/c348mbiwefw
42:39 Gary Norden - https://youtu.be/TY9YDn1P2Oc
44:08 Merritt Black - https://youtu.be/hqvL46TkcCM
48:18 Jack Schwager - https://youtu.be/dHGBi06Tvos
51:32 Tom Basso - https://youtu.be/Ed9OuQyEmg0
52:50 Michael Patak - https://youtu.be/T_kmc-EyATA

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/m/korbs
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#tradingrisk #riskreward #tradingperformance #speculatorspodcast

✅ Start Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business: https://go.tradacc.com/video

Discover what might be the BEST trading opportunity of ALL-TIME and how to capitalize on it. We're currently in what I consider The Golden Age of Online Retail Trading. High-level trader education, training, and mentorship is more available than ever. Mini & micro contracts have made high-quality markets like Futures more accessible than ever. And online prop funding companies have made it possible to earn $100K+ per year without risking your own capital. Are you taking advantage of the current opportunity or letting it slip away?

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Online Prop Funding Intro
0:55 Michael Patak - https://youtu.be/T_kmc-EyATA
7:19 Austin Silver - https://youtu.be/QZDi87Jt2f4
14:05 Rod Casilli - https://youtu.be/Eu_zcTdgiVo
17:10 Michael Patak - https://youtu.be/T_kmc-EyATA
26:46 Paul Asmar - https://youtu.be/dW57sFgbcnw
31:09 Akil Stokes - https://youtu.be/B53zVBOlWqQ
37:00 Jeff Holden - https://youtu.be/_wPpbhwK2lg
38:46 Rod Casilli - https://youtu.be/_UTL6OLkQl0
41:23 Deeyana Angelo - https://youtu.be/nrOAkwCAPVw
45:49 Michael Patak - https://youtu.be/T_kmc-EyATA

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/m/korbs
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#FundedTrading #FundedTraders #OnlineTrading #TradingOpportunities  #SpeculatorsPodcast

✅Start Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business with Free Video:
https://go.tradacc.com/video

Join us in this incredible conversation with Josh Schuler, Founder of Trade With Profile, to master a superior trading tool/indicator (Profiling) & a powerful trading technique (Playbooking). These are 2 core components for generating an exceptional level of confidence & consistency in your approach to markets. By mastering these 2 components, you'll never have to work a "normal" job again (unless you want to!). THIS is the REAL path to becoming a Consistently Profitable Trader.

➡️Where You Can Find Josh Schuler
Twitter: https://twitter.com/tradewithprof
Website: https://TradeWithProfile.com
[Exclusive 35% OFF TradeWithProfile Discount Code: SPECPOD35]

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Introduction to Josh Schuler
6:23 The Four Key Questions Every Trader Must Ask Before a Trade
22:39 Why Less Time on Charts Can Lead to Better Trading Decisions
25:28 How Options Activity Influences Futures Market Movements
30:31 Zero DTE Options and Trend Reversals
32:52 Using Expected Ranges in Futures Trading
36:01 How to Calculate Expected Ranges Using Implied Volatility
37:48 Mastering Playbook Trades: Using the First Hour Range
44:26 How to Time Trade Entries Using Auction Theory
47:05 The Importance of Breaking Down KPIs by Playbook Trade
48:26 Trading with Structure: Using Day Types and Open Types
58:49 From Random Trades to Structured Strategies
1:00:04 Why Sticking to Playbook Trades Boosts Profitability

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/video
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#JoshSchuler #TradeWithProfile #SpeculatorsPodcast

✅ Start Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business with Free Video
https://go.tradacc.com/video

Discover how pro traders like Al Brooks, Merritt Black, Brannigan Barrett, Jeff Holden, Anne-Marie Baiynd, and Gary Norden effectively blend Strategy & Intuition into their approach. The reality is that trading is this beautiful blend of Science & Art: We certainly need rules & structure to keep our process strong. But things don't always fit into a nicely categorized box. Markets are dynamic, ever-evolving mechanisms, so the skill of discretionary in-the-moment decision-making is required. Overall, the best trading happens somewhere in the middle of Order & Chaos.

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Structure vs. Discretion Intro From Korbs
0:48 Brannigan Barrett - https://youtu.be/fgxfqBRE2c0
1:38 Merritt Black - https://youtu.be/hqvL46TkcCM
2:51 Al Brooks - https://youtu.be/JQc3_CvwW-Q
5:51 Jeff Holden - https://youtu.be/_wPpbhwK2lg
10:19 Anne-Marie Baiynd - https://youtu.be/dG0MhCW3Y0M
12:54 Gary Norden - https://youtu.be/TY9YDn1P2Oc
17:19 Paul Asmar - https://youtu.be/9siE3cAcydc
21:38 Brannigan Barrett - https://youtu.be/fgxfqBRE2c0
23:00 Jerremy Newsome - https://youtu.be/9_o5Vu8yvmI
23:40 Tom Basso - https://youtu.be/Ed9OuQyEmg0
29:30 Peter Reznicek - https://youtu.be/spwjK5z-rCQ

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/m/korbs
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#tradestrategy #tradeperformance #speculatorspodcast

✅Start Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business with Free Video:
https://go.tradacc.com/video

Trading Industry EXPOSED. Discover why Gary Norden, a veteran trader with a successful career spanning over 3 decades, believes technical analysis is complete BULLSH*T. This is coming from a long-time professional market maker on the London International Financial Futures and Options Exchange (LIFFOE), a Norden Method scalper, and co-director & manager of the NN2 Capital hedge fund. Gary has seen the business from numerous angles (both institutional & retail) and has had an impressive 34-year career (and counting). THIS is how he "reads between the lines" and trades without charts.

➡️Where You Can Find Gary Norden
YouTube: @GaryNorden
Website: https://NordenMethod.com
1st Speculators Podcast Appearance (EP13): https://youtu.be/RN4hE8lrFcw
How Gary Norden Earned the Coveted Red Jacket at London Futures Exchange
2nd Speculators Podcast Appearance (EP47): https://youtu.be/TY9YDn1P2Oc
Escape Retail Ignorance & Embrace the Grind w/ 34-Year Pro: Gary Norden

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Introduction to Gary Norden
1:45 How Fundamental Information Simplifies Trading Decisions
10:12 Value vs. Price: Why Timing Your Trades is Overrated
17:14 Intuition or Training? How Traders Connect Market Dots
20:05 Stop Chasing Perfect Timing: The Power of Acting Early
30:28 Why Randomness in Trading Keeps Your Strategy Hidden
35:31 How Hedge Funds Stay Ahead
38:58 The Process Behind Hedge Fund Strategies
42:15 Managing Risk Without Price: Using Time for Stop Losses
45:35 How Correlations and Liquidity Trigger Scalping Trades
47:43 Why Gary Stays Away from Big Players and Large Liquidity
52:04 Gary's Process for Bouncing Back After a Tough Loss
55:08 Where to Look for Value When Trading ES
1:01:29 Thriving in Volatile Markets with Defensive Trading

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/video
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#GaryNorden #NordenMethod #KorbsTrading #SpeculatorsPodcast

✅ Start Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business with Free Video
https://go.tradacc.com/video

Discover how to turn your losses, mistakes, and short-term failures into the highly-profitable trading results you desperately desire. The reality is that losses are an unavoidable aspect of trading - there's no way around them completely. You can do absolutely everything right and STILL have to experience them. That's because we're operating in an environment of probabilities; not certainties. So being able to handle losses constructively is of paramount importance. Discover how some of the biggest names in the space like Merritt Black, Jack Schwager, Jared Tendler, and Anne-Marie Baiynd recommend using losses to your advantage to become the best trader you can be.

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Intro to Learning From Losses & Mistakes
1:05 Merritt Black - https://youtu.be/hqvL46TkcCM
3:49 Jack Schwager - https://youtu.be/dHGBi06Tvos
6:19 Jared Tendler - https://youtu.be/yeXPz93zyHA
9:48 Anne-Marie Baiynd - https://youtu.be/dG0MhCW3Y0M
15:39 Peter Reznicek - https://youtu.be/spwjK5z-rCQ
17:33 Gary Norden - https://youtu.be/RN4hE8lrFcw
21:22 Jason Shapiro - https://youtu.be/quDBppC0rxQ
22:59 Jared Tendler - https://youtu.be/yeXPz93zyHA
26:37 Anne-Marie Baiynd - https://youtu.be/dG0MhCW3Y0M
31:18 Peter Reznicek - https://youtu.be/spwjK5z-rCQ
32:21 Deeyana Angelo - https://youtu.be/nrOAkwCAPVw
35:08 Rod Casilli - https://youtu.be/lEzI_yjccVM

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/m/korbs
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#tradeperformance #tradinglosses #tradingmistakes #SpeculatorsPodcast

✅ Start Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business with Free Video
https://go.tradacc.com/video

Discover how elite-level traders are staying ahead of the curve in rapidly evolving financial markets impacted by the exponential rise of Algorithms, Artificial Intelligence, and Machine Learning. There's no doubt that markets are shifting FAST: are you prepared for what's coming next?

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Markets
0:35 Anthony Crudele - https://youtu.be/-buEAlENE5g
4:05 Josh Schuler - https://youtu.be/8Xhoe6Mgkw8
6:17 Tom Basso - https://youtu.be/Ed9OuQyEmg0
7:47 Paul Asmar - https://youtu.be/9siE3cAcydc
9:53 Peter Reznicek - https://youtu.be/spwjK5z-rCQ
12:35 Akil Stokes - https://youtu.be/B53zVBOlWqQ
15:13 Tom Basso - https://youtu.be/Ed9OuQyEmg0
20:37 Traveling Trader - https://youtu.be/oaTNPN5rTn8
25:39 Jason Shapiro - https://youtu.be/quDBppC0rxQ
29:33 Rod Casilli - https://youtu.be/lEzI_yjccVM
31:07 Andres Granger - https://youtu.be/b-_Aro639Ho

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/m/korbs
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#AItrading #AItradingbot #AlgoTrading #SpeculatorsPodcast

EPISODE SPONSOR: ELITE TRADER FUNDING → SPECIAL OFFER
✅ 40% OFF ANY EVALUATION: https://go.tradacc.com/getfunded-elitetrader
Exclusive Discount Code: ETFKORBS

Join us in this candid conversation with THE KING OF THE NASDAQ PIT: Matt PAX Kenah. PAX built up his career from the dirt starting in 1988 as a runner on the CME floor, eventually purchasing his seat on the floor and becoming a trader in 1997. He soared to incredible heights: trading hundred lots on a daily basis & making MILLIONS of dollars. But then dramatically fell to devastating lows: virtually going BROKE overnight with the collapse of MF Global. About a decade after amassing what would safely be considered "generational wealth", he hit one of the lowest points of his life: scavenging for spare change between the seats of his car in order to buy milk for his 5 kids. The extreme highs & lows of PAX's life and trading career are something out of a movie script. Tune in to discover the biggest lessons, regrets, and confessions of a die-hard futures trader with a career spanning across 5 decades in this week's can't-miss episode of the Speculators Podcast.

➡️ Where You Can Find Matt PAX Kenah
X: @PaxTrader777 https://twitter.com/paxtrader777
Website: The Pax Group https://www.thepaxgroup.org
1st Speculators Podcast Appearance: https://youtu.be/c348mbiwefw
NQ Pit Trader Makes Millions, Goes Broke Overnight & Bounces Back w/ PAX

✅Start Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business with Free Video:
https://go.tradacc.com/video

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Introduction to Matt PAX Kenah
5:51 Strategies for Long-Term Success in Trading
15:46 Building a Lasting Trading Career One Trade at a Time
18:42 Why P&L Shouldn't Be Your Only Trading Metric
24:48 Navigating Setbacks in Trading
28:58 Trading Lows: Beyond Financial Loss
35:42 Resetting After Rock Bottom in Trading
41:34 Reflecting on a Life Well-Traded
42:50 The Best Days: Triumphs in the Trading Pit
48:54 How Values Shape a Trader's Journey
54:19 How Trading Influenced Matt's Lifestyle Choices
58:39 Integrating Spirituality into Trading and Life

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/video
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#ThePAXGroup #MattPAXKenah #NQFutures #NasdaqTrading #FuturesTrader #FuturesTrading #Nasdaq #OpeningRangeBreakoutStrategy #SpeculatorsPodcast

✅ Start Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business with Free Training
https://go.tradacc.com/video

If you're a new or developing trader - you need to watch this compilation of beginner tips IMMEDIATELY to discover the best advice from many of the top traders & educators in the game: Al Brooks, Brannigan Barrett, Austin Silver, Matt PAX Kenah, Brian Shannon, Anthony Crudele, Jack Schwager, Josh Schuler, Shadow Trader, and more. This is a can't-miss episode full of genius insight & wisdom. Enjoy!

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Korbs Intro to Beginner Trader Tips
0:36 Al Brooks - https://youtu.be/JQc3_CvwW-Q
2:19 Brannigan Barrett - https://youtu.be/fgxfqBRE2c0
5:27 Fat Cat - https://youtu.be/zYP93--G1sI
12:13 Austin Silver - https://youtu.be/QZDi87Jt2f4
13:17 Matt PAX Kenah - https://youtu.be/c348mbiwefw
17:26 Jerremy Newsome - https://youtu.be/9_o5Vu8yvmI
20:56 Brian Shannon - https://youtu.be/2Y26i_tqRi8
22:14 Anthony Crudele - https://youtu.be/-buEAlENE5g
26:46 Josh Schuler - https://youtu.be/8Xhoe6Mgkw8
30:01 Akil Stokes - https://youtu.be/B53zVBOlWqQ
32:45 The Traveling Trader - https://youtu.be/oaTNPN5rTn8
35:42 Jack Schwager - https://youtu.be/dHGBi06Tvos
38:11 - Peter Reznicek - https://youtu.be/NICjW33H3C0
39:15 Jared Tendler - https://youtu.be/yeXPz93zyHA
42:17 Akil Stokes - https://youtu.be/B53zVBOlWqQ
46:27 Matt PAX Kenah - https://youtu.be/c348mbiwefw
50:01 Michael Patak - https://youtu.be/T_kmc-EyATA
53:57 Jason Shapiro - https://youtu.be/quDBppC0rxQ

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/m/korbs
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#NewTraders #BeginnerTraders #SpeculatorsPodcast

✅ Get Funded & Create Your Freedom Lifestyle Trading Business
https://go.tradacc.com/call

Here's a reality check: the market will take absolutely EVERYTHING from you if you're not careful - your money, mental energy,  physical health, etc. Discover your MOST important resource as a trader & how to safeguard it like a pro. It's not some external resource like capital. It's an internal resource that separates the consistently profitable professionals from the struggling amateurs. Don't miss out on this Speculators Podcast Supercut episode featuring elite traders like Al Brooks, Brannigan Barrett, Merritt Black, Jeff Holden, John Grady, Brian Shannon, Matt PAX Kenah, Josh Schuler, and more discussing the critical importance of Mental Energy & Discipline.

HERE'S WHAT WE COVER:
0:00 Korbs Intro to Mental Energy & Discipline
0:48 Brannigan Barrett - https://youtu.be/fgxfqBRE2c0
6:23 Al Brooks - https://youtu.be/JQc3_CvwW-Q
7:54 Merritt Black - https://youtu.be/hqvL46TkcCM
12:55 Jeff Holden - https://youtu.be/_wPpbhwK2lg
16:41 Paul Asmar - https://youtu.be/dW57sFgbcnw
21:01 Jared Tendler - https://youtu.be/yeXPz93zyHA
23:45 Josh Schuler - https://youtu.be/8Xhoe6Mgkw8
26:02 Jared Tendler - https://youtu.be/yeXPz93zyHA
28:17 Jerremy Newsome - https://youtu.be/9_o5Vu8yvmI
31:27 Brian Shannon - https://youtu.be/2Y26i_tqRi8
36:19 Merritt Black - https://youtu.be/hqvL46TkcCM
40:13 John Grady - https://youtu.be/CYatpxj8Nmo
42:07 Matt PAX Kenah - https://youtu.be/c348mbiwefw

WHO IS KORBS → HOST OF SPECULATORS PODCAST:
My name is Aaron Korbs and I'm a professional intraday Futures Trader specializing in Auction Market Theory, Volume Profile & Order Flow. I'm also the founder of Tradacc.com. Tradacc is a trading education, training, and mentorship platform where I help traders leverage institutional capital using my volume profile methodology through courses like Volume Profile Formula™, Funding Accelerator™ & Profile Method™. I typically work with people that want to create a reliable online side hustle or that would like to turn trading into their main profession.

https://go.tradacc.com/m/korbs
--------------------------------------------

Happy Trading & Watch Your Risk
- Korbs

Risk Disclaimer
https://go.tradacc.com/Risk

#TradingPerformance #TradingPsychology #TradingDiscipline