State of the Arts Episode 129: The Asian Heritage Month Special just released! Cantonese opera is an elaborate form of performance that combines extravagant costumes, striking makeup, lively theatrics and powerful vocals. I warmly recall my grandparents using the slang word "douk douk chong" to refer to Cantonese opera. This astonishing form of opera was first performed during the reign of the Ming Dynasty Emperor Jiajing from 152 to 1567. Originally based on the older forms of Chinese opera, Cantonese opera began to add local folk melodies, Cantonese instrumentation, and eventually even Western popular tunes. Two different types of styles make up the Cantonese Opera repertoire—Mo, meaning "martial arts," and Mun, or "intellectual"—wherein the melodies are entirely secondary to the lyrics. Mo performances are fast-paced, involving stories of warfare, bravery and betrayal. The actors often carry weapons as props, and the elaborate costumes may be as heavy as actual armor. Mun, on the other hand, tends to be a slower, more polite art form. The actors use their vocal tones, facial expressions, and long flowing "water sleeves" to express complex emotions. Most of the Mun stories are romances, morality tales, ghost stories, or famous Chinese classic tales or myths. Today, Hong Kong is at the center of efforts to keep Cantonese opera alive and thriving. The Hong Kong Academy for the Performing Arts offers two-year degrees in Cantonese Opera Performance, and the Arts Development Council sponsors opera classes for the city's children. Through such concerted effort, this unique and intricate form of Chinese opera may continue to find an audience for decades to come. This episode is a tribute to the majestic, the beguiling, the dramatic form of theatre known as Cantonese Opera.