Streetwise Hebrew

Today we're getting negative. Double negative, in fact. After some Hebrew words like כלום ("nothing") or אף פעם ("never") we also have to use לא ("no"). So, unlike in English, we use two negation words. Guy takes us through the rules, mentioning English, French and Portuguese as he goes. Oh, and while we're learning, we also get to listen to some beautiful French and Brazilian songs.

Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon

New Words and Expressions:

"Me-olam lo shachati otcha" – I have never forgotten you – מעולם לא שכחתי אותך

"Af pa'am lo ted'ee" – Never will you know – אף פעם לא תדעי

Af pa'am lo hayiti be-… – I have never been to… – אף פעם לא הייתי ב

Af pa'am lo ahavti kach af achat – I have never loved anyone like this – אף פעם לא אהבתי כך אף אחת

Af echad lo yodea – Nobody knows – אף אחד לא יודע

"Achshav lo mitgorer bo af echad" – Now nobody lives there – עכשיו לא מתגורר בו אף אחד

Lo yacholti la'asot im ze klum – I couldn't do anything with it – לא יכולתי לעשות עם זה כלום

Kloom / Lo chloom – Nothing – כלום/לא כלום

Im einech le-tsidi az ani lo chlum – If you're not on my side, I am nothing – אם אינך לצידי אז אני לא כלום

"Shum davar lo yadu'a" – Nothing is known – שום דבר לא ידוע

Playlist and Clips:

Dalida – Je n'ai jamais, jamais pu t'oublier

Shlomo Artzi – Af Paam Lo Ted'i (lyrics)

Dani Robas – Ze Lo Ani (lyrics)

Meir Ariel – Af Echad Lo Yode'a (lyrics)

Balada al Adon Kim'at ve-gveret Kvar – Yehudit Ravitz (lyrics)

Project Runway

Ilan Wirtzberg – Lo Yacholti La'asot Im Ze Klum (lyrics)

Samba Bi-shnayim – Mati Caspi & Yehudit Ravitz (lyrics)

Vinicius de Moraes, Maria Creuza & Toquinho – Samba Em Prelúdio

Arik Lavie – Ze Kore (lyrics)

Carolina – Af Echad Lo Ba Li (lyrics)

The Hebrew word יחד means together. This root has many useful words you should know: singular, unique, individual and more.

Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon

New Words and Expressions:

Yachad, be-yachad – Together – יחד

Be-yachad? – Are you paying together? – ביחד

Ha-yachid – The only one – היחיד

Ha-yachid lelo shemen dkalim – The only one without palm oil – היחיד ללא שמן דקלים

Yachid / Rabim – Singular / Plural – יחיד / רבים

Ben yachid / Bat yechida – An only child – בן יחיד / בת יחידה

"Hu yachid u-meyoochad me'od" – He's unique and very special – הוא יחיד ומיוחד מאוד

Yechida – Unit – יחידה

Yechida meyoochedet – Special unit – יחידה מיוחדת

Yechidat diyoor – Housing unit – יחידת דיור

Ani gar be-yechidat diyoor etsel ha-horim sheli – I live in a housing unit at my parents' house – אני גר ביחידת דיור אצל ההורים שלי

Yechidim – Individuals – יחידים

Ein mechira le-yechidim – No individual sales – אין מכירה ליחידים

Ha-mechira be-sitona'oot bilvad – Wholesale only – המכירה בסיטונאות בלבד

Heder le-yachid – Single room – חדר ליחיד

Em yechidanit – Single mother – אם יחידנית

Leyached – To designate, to individualize – לייחד

Anachnu meyachdim et ha-heder ha-zeh le-sport – We designate this room for sports – אנחנו מייחדים את החדר הזה לספורט

Yichood – Uniqueness – ייחוד

Yichoodi – Unique – ייחודי

Proyekt yichoodi – A unique housing project – פרוייקט ייחודי

Meyoochad – Special – מיוחד

Ha-Kafe ha-zeh meyoochad la-allah. Rotzeh litom? – This coffee is really special. Wanna taste it? – הקפה הזה מיוחד לאללה, רוצה לטעום

Playlist and Clips:

Halav u-dvash – Yahad (lyrics)

Meir Banai – Shiro shel Shafshaf (lyrics)

Ha-yachid – The only one

Lahakat ha-nachal – Le-ahad ha-chayalim (lyrics)

Ep. no. 122 HEB about stuff servers say

In a country where everybody tells you what to do, how to do it and when, it's only natural that the word עדיף – "it's preferable" – is one you'd hear every day. Guy explores the עדיף family of words, and shows us the link between preference, priority, and pasta.

Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon

New Words and Expressions:

Adif – Preferable – עדיף

Adif machar – Better (to do it) tomorrow – עדיף מחר

"Az adif lehisha'er" – So, it's better to stay – אז עדיף להישאר

"Adif lalechet achshav" – It's better to go now – עדיף ללכת עכשיו

Adif la'asot et ze kacha – It's better to do it this way – עדיף לעשות את זה ככה

Adif she- -We'd better, you'd better, it's better – עדיף ש

Adif she-telech achshav – You'd better leave now – עדיף שתלך עכשיו

Ma adif, ze o ze? – What's better, this one or that one? – מה עדיף, זה או זה

Eizo gvina adifa? – Which cheese is better? – איזו גבינה עדיפה

"Kulam adifim al korbanot ha-milchama" – They are all better over korbanot ha-milchama- כולם עדיפים על קורבנות המלחמה

"Halcha elav, azva oti, hayiti adifut shniya" – She went to his place, she left me, I was the second priority – הלכה אליו, עזבה אותי, הייתי עדיפות שנייה

Adifut gvoha yoter – Higher priority – עדיפות גבוהה יותר

Latet adifut le-mashehu – To give priority to something – לתת עדיפות למישהו

Seder adifuyot – Priorities – סדר עדיפויות

Odef – Change (Money) – עודף

Odef mishkal – Overweight – עודף משקל

Odafim – Surplus, outlet stock, extra – עודפים

Ma at ma'adifa – What do you prefer? – מה את מעדיפה

Leha'adif – To prefer – להעדיף

Ani maadifa lishtok – I prefer to keep quiet- להעדיף

Ma hayita ma'adif, ma hayit maadifa – What would you prefer? – מה היית מעדיף/מעדיפה

Ani ma'adif pasta al humus – I prefer pasta over hummus – אני מעדיף פסטה על חומוס

Eizo hultsa ata ma'adif? – Which shirt do you prefer? – איזו חולצה אתה מעדיף

Mu'adaf – Preferred, favored – מועדף

Ha'adafa – Preference – העדיפה

Yesh lecha ha'adafa? – Do you have any preference? – יש לך העדפה

Haadafa metakenet – Affirmative action – העדפה מתקנת

Playlist and Clips:

Daniel Solomon – Adif (lyrics)

Teapacks – Adif Lalechet Achshav (lyrics)

Menachmem Begin – speech

Michael Hen – Tamim Hayiti (lyrics)

Tipim la-meltsar, tips for the waiter

Ninet Tayeb – Medabrim (lyrics)

MK Akram Hasson

Ep. no. 125 about heshbon

Streetwise Hebrew surpassed 700,000 downloads, and Guy thinks this is a great reason to talk about the root of number seven in Hebrew – שבע – and get to learn its other meanings.

Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon

New Words and Expressions:

Sheva – Seven – שבע

Sheva banot – Seven girls – שבע בנות

Shiv'ah banim – Seven boys – שבעה בנים

Shiv'ah – The traditional seven days of mourning in Judaism – שבעה

Ani holech le-shiv'ah – I'm going to a shiv'ah – אני הולך לשבעה

Yesh li shiv'ah shel aba shel haver – I have a shiv'ah for a friend's father – יש לי שבעה של אבא של חבר

Efo ha-shiva'ah? – Where is the shiv'ah? – איפה השבעה

Efo hem yoshvim shiv'ah? – Where are they siting shiv'ah? – איפה הם יושבים שבעה

Shavu'a, shavu'ot (m.) – Week, weeks – שבוע, שבועות

Shavu'ah tov – Have a good week – שבוע טוב

She-yihye lecha / lach shavu'ah tov – May you have a good week – שיהיה לך שבוע טוב

Shvu'ayim -Two weeks – שבועיים

Shvu'ah ha-sefer – Book week (book fair) – שבוע הספר

Sof Shavu'ah – Weekend – סופשבוע

Shvu'ah ha-avoda – Work week – שבוע העבודה

"Shavu'ah-Shavu'ah" – One week at the army base, one week at home – שבוע שבוע

Ani nishba lach – I swear to you – אני נשבע לך

Shvu'ah – Oath – שבועה

Lehishava – Swear – להישבע

lehashbi'ah – To swear someone in – להשביע

Hashba'ah – Swearing in ceremony – השבעה

Save'ah – Full (Had enough food) – שבע

Lisbo'ah – To become full after eating – לשבוע

Playlist and Clips:

Oshik Levy – Ze Mi-kvar (lyrics)

Efraiym Di Zahav – Shavu'ah tov (lyrics)

Ariel Zilber – Shvu'ayim be-ir zara (lyrics)

Moshe Peretz – Nishba Lach (lyrics)

Ep. no. 96 about may you have HEB

Ep. no. 302 about condolences HEB

"You guys look so alike, it's crazy!" The Israeli street is all about exclamations, including strangers telling you how much you resemble someone… or not. It's important to understand what's being said, so today Guy focuses on the Hebrew word דומה and its relatives. And what does this all have to do with virtual reality and imagination?

Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon

New Words and Expressions:

Domeh – Resembles, looks like – דומה

"Hi lo doma le-af achat acheret" – She does not resemble anyone else – היא לא דומה לאף אחת אחרת

Hu domeh le-mishehu – He looks like someone – הוא דומה למישהו

Hu domeh la-ima – He resembles his mom – הוא דומה לאימא

Ata ma-ze domeh lo – You really look like him – אתה מה-זה דומה לו

At ma-ze doma la – You really look like her – את מה-זה דומה לה

Atem ma ze domim, mamash copy – You really look alike – אתם מה-זה דומים, ממש קופי

Atem domim echad la-sheni – You resemble each other – אתם דומים אחד לשני

Atem davka lo domim – You actually don't look alike – אתם דווקא לא דומים

Hu nir'aa kmo – He looked like (past tense) – הוא נראה כמו

Hu haya domeh le-mishehu – He looked like someone – הוא היה דומה למישהו

Dmooy Or – Leather-like – דמוי עור

Dmooy schnitzel – Faux schnitzel – דמוי שניצל

"Ve-ulai ze rak nidmeh li" – And maybe it's just my imagination – ואולי זה רק נדמה לי

Nidmeh li she… – It seems to me that – נדמה לי ש

Nidmeh lecha! – It only seems that way to you – נדמה לך

Haya nidmeh li – It seemed to me – היה נדמה לי

Ledamot – To visualize, to imagine – לדמות

Dimooy – Metaphor – דימוי

Dimooy atsmi – Self image – דימוי עצמי

Metsi'oot meduma – Virtual reality – מציאות מדומה

Ha-choleh ha-medumeh – Le Malade Imaginaire – The Imaginary Invalid – החולה המדומה

"At lo yoda'at im zo stam metsi'oot o dimyon" – You don't know if it's just reality or imagination – את לא יודעת אם זו סתם מציאות או דמיון

"Ba-leilot rak otcha medamyenet" – At night I imagine only you – בלילות רק אותך מדמיינת

Medoomyan – Imagined – מדומיין

"El hiboor dimyoni" – To an imaginary connection – אל חיבור דמיוני

Dmoot – Image, figure, personality – דמות

"Ani kol kach harbeh dmooyot" – I am so many figures, I have so many personalities – אני כל כך הרבה דמויות

Hadmaya – Simulation – הדמייה

Playlist and Clips:

Arkadi Duchin – Hi Lo Doma (lyrics)

Hava Alberstein – Shir Tishrei (lyrics)

Dana Berger – Hamimoot Holefet (lyrics)

Molière – Ha-holeh ha-medoomeh

Ariel Zilber – Rootsi Shmulik (lyrics)

Sarit Haddad – Aba (lyrics)

Yehuda Poliker – Ha-tsel ve-ani (lyrics)

Natan Goshen – Od (lyrics)

Ep. no. 62 about davka HEB

Ep. no. 180 about metsi'oot, reality

The Hebrew word אחד means one, a word we Israelis use all the time. From its root we also get the words for homogeneous and unity. Oh, and you should definitely know what אחד פלוס אחד means.

New Words and Expressions:

Echad - One (m.) - אחד

"Am echad im shir echad" - One nation with one song - עם אחד עם שיר אחד

Achat - One (f.) - אחת

Shi'oor echad al echad - One on one private lesson - שיעור אחד על אחד

"yesh matsav le-kafe echad al echad?" - Is there any chance of getting a coffee one-on-one? - יש מצב לקפה אחד על אחד

Echad she-yode'a - Someone in the know - אחד שיודע

How do I know he's the one? - Eich ani eda she-ze ha-echad? She-zo ha-achat? - איך אני אדע שזה האחד, שזו האחת

Echad plus echad - Buy one get one free - אחד פלוס אחד

Mispar achat - Number one - מספר אחת

Ani ha-maaritz mispar achat shelo - I am his number one fan - אני המעריץ מספר אחת שלו

Kav hamesh - Bus number five - קו חמש

Yamim achadim - A few days (formal) - ימים אחדים

Achid - Uniform, unified, homogeneous - אחיד

Lechem achid - Subsidized bread - לחם אחיד

Tahat piku'ach - Under government price control - תחת פיקוח

Tilboshet achida - School uniform - תלבושת אחידה

Swecher - Sweatshirt - סווצ'ר

Achdoot - Unity - אחדות

Achat u-letamid - Once and for all - אחת ולתמיד

Echad ba-peh ve-echad ba-lev - Two-faced - אחד בפה ואחד בלב

Echad ha- - One of the most… - אחד ה

Zeh echad ha-falfelim hachi te'imim ba'ir - This is one of the tastiest falafel spots in town - זה אחד הפלאפלים הכי טעימים בעיר

Playlist and Clips:

Am Echad Shir Echad (lyrics)

Amir Dadon - Ha-ma'aritz mispar achat (lyrics)

Kan Hadashot - Lechem Achid

TV2 - Tilboshet achida - school uniform

Margalit Tsan'ani - Od Yihiye Li (lyrics)

Ep. no. 387 about the gym HEB

Shir Echad podcast

Asking for the bill is one of the most important things to learn in any language. But חשבון, in Hebrew, is about much more than just settling the account.

Guy explains how Israelis do self-reflection, how they break even… and how they don't give a damn.

Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon

New Words and Expressions:

Heshbon, heshbonot (m.) – Bill, bills – חשבון, חשבונות

Heshbon bank – Bank account – חשבון בנק

Heshbon hotsa'ot – Expense account – חשבון הוצאות

Heshbon nefesh – Self examination – חשבון נפש

Lehavi / Lakachat be-heshbon – To take into consideration – להביא / לקחת בחשבון

Kach / K'chi / K'choo be-heshbon she- – Take into consideration that… (Imp.) – קח / קחי / קחו בחשבון

K'chi be-heshbon she-kar – Take into consideration that it's cold – קחי בחשבון שקר

Kach be-heshbon she-yakar sham – Take into consideration that it's expensive there – קח בחשבון שיקר שם

Lo ba be-heshbon – It's out of the question – לא בא בחשבון

"Panim she-lo osot heshbon" – A face that does not give a damn – פנים שלא עושות חשבון

Hu lo dofek heshbon – He doesn't give a damn – הוא לא דופק חשבון

Ma, ata dofek heshbon le-mishehu? – Do you care about others? – מה, אתה דופק חשבון למישהו

Hi sogeret heshbonot – She's clearing the table – היא סוגרת חשבונות

Hisool heshbonot – Score settling – חיסול חשבונות

Zeh al heshboncha? – Is it at your expense – זה על חשבונך

Al heshbon ha-bayit – On the house – על חשבון הבית

Zeh al heshbonenu – This is on our account – זה על חשבוננו

Heshbon aroch – A long-standing score – חשבון ארוך

Yesh li heshbon aroch ito – I have a long-standing score to settle with him – יש לי חשבון ארוך איתו

Be-heshbon pashut – In simple arithmetic – בחשבון פשוט

Ro'eh heshbon – Accountant – רואה חשבון

Heshbona'ut / Re'iyat heshbon – Accounting – חשבונאות / ראיית חשבון

Hanhalat heshbonot – Bookkeeping – הנהלת חשבונות

Menahel / menahelet heshbonot – Bookkeeper – מנהל / מנהלת חשבונות

Tavi'i cheshbonit – Bring an invoice (imp. f.) – תביאי חשבונית

Heshbonit mas – Tax invoice – חשבונית מס

Lehashben le-mishehu – To care too much about something – לחשבן למישהו

Lehitchashben – To settle accounts with someone – להתחשבן

Bo nitchashben ba-sof – Let's do the math at the end – בוא נתחשבן בסוף

Ma, ata mitchashben iti al cafe? – Forget it, it's just a coffee, my treat! – מה, אתה מתחשבן איתי על קפה

Hitchashbenut – Settling an account – התחשבנות

Playlist and Clips:

Ariel Zilber – Holech Batel (lyrics)

Ofra Haza – Shir Ha-frecha (lyrics)

Rami Kleinstein & Ha-mo'atsa – Ha-boker At Holechet (lyrics)

Tea Packs & Alma Zak – Perech Ha-shchunot (lyrics)

Ep. 172 about to knock

Ep. 440 about receipt and invoice HEB

Are you playing by the כללים? A כלל is a rule or regulation, and it's a great Hebrew root to tackle together. Guy takes us through all the rules, regulations, generalizations, and exceptions.

Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon

New Words and Expressions:

Klal, klalim – Rule, rules – כלל, כללים

Klalim le-chatsiyat kvish – Rules for crossing the street – כללים לחציית כביש

"Ve-ha-ikar, lo lefahed klal" – And the main thing is not to be afraid at all – והעיקר, לא לפחד כלל

Be-derekh klal – Usually, in general – בדרך כלל, בד"כ

Yotseh min ha-klal – Extraordinary, exceptional – יוצא מן הכלל

Bli yotse min ha-klal – Without exception – בלי יוצא מן הכלל

Hu kalal – He included – הוא כלל

Likhlol – To include – לכלול

"Heskem gerushin tsarich likhlol" – A divorce agreement should include – הסכם גירושין צריך לכלול

"Ha-mechir eino kolel sherut" – The price does not include a service charge – המחיר אינו כולל שירות

Ma ze kolel? – What does it include? – מה זה כולל

"Ma ata bikhlal yode'a al ahava?" – What do you know about love at all? – מה אתה בכלל יודע על אהבה

Ha-kol kalul – All inclusive – הכל כלול

Zeh nichlal – It is included – זה נכלל

Lehakhlil – To generalize – להכליל

Hakhlala, hakhlalot – Generalization, generalizations – הכללה, הכללות

Yeda klali – General knowledge – ידע כללי

Bchirot klaliyot – General elections – בחירות כלליות

Mancal (Menahel klali) – General Manager, CEO – מנכ"ל, מנהל כללי

"Hu diber be-klaliyoot" – He spoke generally – הוא דיבר בכלליות

Ba-klali – Generally speaking – בכללי

Ba-klali ha-kol sababa – All in all everything is great – בכללי, הכל סבבה

Mikhlala – College – מכללה

Mikhlol – Entirety, ensemble – מכלול

Mikhlol ha-gormim – The totality of factors – מכלול הגורמים

Playlist and Clips:

Tsemed Re'im - Gesher Tsar Me'od (lyrics)

Kaveret - Yo-Ya (lyrics)

Ma tsarich likhlol heskem gerushin?

Gidi Gov - Ma Ata Bikhlal Yod'ea al Ahava? (lyrics)

Cellcom TV - Ha-kol Kalul

Ep. no. 384 about iska, deal HEB

In Hebrew we like to set meetings, rendezvous, and appointments too. Today Guy talks about how we use likb'oa, the verb to set, for these actions, plus some interesting nouns coming from this family, ק.ב.ע.

Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon

New Words and Expressions:

Eich kov'im ma yihye godel taktsiv ha-medina? – How do they determine the state budget? – איך קובעים מה יהיה גודל תקציב המדינה

Likbo'a – To set, to determine, to fix – לקבוע

Likbo'a pgisha – To set an appointment – לקבוע פגישה

Likbo'a tor – To set a doctor appointment – לקבוע תור

"Az kavanu leyom hamishi" – So we scheduled for Thursday – אז קבענו ליום חמישי

Kavati la'asot mashehu im mishehu – I set to do something with someone – קבעתי לעשות משהו עם מישהו

Kavati lir'ot seret im haver – I made plans with a friend to watch a movie – קבעתי לראות סרט עם חבר

Kavati kvar mashehu – I already set something – כבר קבעתי משהו

Yesh li kvar mashehu – I've already got something – יש לי כבר משהו

Kavati ito le-shmone – I have a rendezvous with him for eight – קבעתי איתו לשמונה

Kavati lecha pgisha im… – I set up a meeting for you with… – קבעתי לך פגישה עם

Az ma kavanu ba-sof? – So what did we decide on in the end? – אז מה קבענו בסוף

Az eifo kavanu, tazkir li? – Remind me, where did we say we'd meet? – אז איפה קבענו, תזכיר לי

Az ma kov'im? – So what's the plan? – אז מה קובעים

Bo / Bo'i / Bo'u nikba le-hamesh – Let's set a meeting for five – בוא / בואי /בואו נקבע לחמש

Kavoo'a – Fixed, steady, set – קבוע

Avoda kvoo'ah – Steady job – עבודה קבועה

Haver kavoo'a – Steady boyfriend – חבר קבוע

Ipoor kavoo'a – Permanent makeup – איפור קבוע

"Yesh li trick kavoo'a" – I have a regular trick – יש לי טריק קבוע

"Ani me-ha-kvoo'im po" – I am one of the regulars here – אני מהקבועים

Be-ofen kavu'a – Regularly – באופן קבוע

Ha-pgisha nikb'ea le-yom hamishi – The meeting was set to Thursday – הפגישה נקבעה ליום חמישי

Lekabe'a – To fix broken bones – לקבע

Kibu'a – Splinting – קיבוע

Mekuba – Splinted, rigid – מקובע

Haver shel keva – Permanent member – חבר של קבע

Tsva keva – Standing army – צבא קבע

Sheroot hova – Mandatory service – שירות חובה

Sheroot keva – Professional army service – שירות קבע

Yeshoovey keva – Permanent communities – ישובי קבע

Yeshoovim ara'iyim – Temporary settlements – ישובים ארעיים

Kib'aon – Fixation – קיבעון

Kvi'oot – Tenure – קביעות

Playlist and Clips:

Eich kov'im et godel taktsiv ha-medina?

Dana International - Love Boy (lyrics)

Yehudit Ravitz & Yoni Rechter - Be-ofen Kavu'a ve-had pe'ami (lyrics)

Kibu'a marpek

Ariel Zilber - Ba-hevra Le-haganat Ha-teva (lyrics)

Ep. 74 about lehazkir, to remind HEB

The Hebrew word איחוד means a union. Guy explains other words from the root אחד, which mean "association", "reunion", and "getting back together."

Hear the All-Hebrew Episode on Patreon

New Words and Expressions:

Ichood – Union – איחוד

Ha-ichood ha-eropi – The European Union – האיחוד האירופי

Le'ached – To unite – לאחד

Gorem me'ached – A unifying factor – גורם מאחד

Me'oochad – United – מאוחד

Kupat holim Meoochedet – The United Health Fund – קופת חולים מאוחדת

Lehit'ached – To unite, to reunite – להתאחד

Hem mit'achdim – They are getting back together – הם מתאחדים

Ein yom shelo sho'alim oti 'atem holchim lehitached?' – There isn't a single day where people don't ask me, 'Are you going to get back together?' – אין יום שלא שואלים אותי אתם הולכים להתאחד

Ha-lahaka hitparka – The band split up – הלהקה התפרקה

Ha-lahaka mit'achedet – The band is getting back together – הלהקה מתאחדת

Hit'achdoot – Association – התאחדות

Ha-hit'achdoot le-kadooregel be-israel – The Israel Football Association – ההתאחדות לכדורגל בישראל

Playlist and Clips:

Ha-ichood ha-eropi – The European Union

Kupat holim me'oochedet

Kaveret mit'achedet

Ha-hit'achdoot le-kadooregel be-israel

Kaveret – Hi Kol Kach Yafa (lyrics)

Ep. no. 212 HEB about lehitparek, to split up

Ep. no. 430 HEB about asefa, assembly