A deep dive into The Daily Stoic by Ryan Holiday.
Stoicism came down to us through texts that were never meant as treatises: Marcus Aurelius kept notes for himself alone, Seneca wrote to his friend Lucilius, Epictetus spoke to students, one of whom, Arrian, wrote the lessons down. What they teach rests on four cardinal virtues, temperance, courage, justice and wisdom, held to be the source of inner stability. These virtues are exercised through three disciplines that Epictetus distinguished, desire, action and assent, and that Pierre Hadot reread as perception, action and will: how we see the world, what we decide to do, how we receive what w…
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