Talking Climate Change with Yash Negi

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In this episode of the podcast , I have talked about “why it is important for students to learn and study about climate change”.

Topics Covered:

• Importance of climate change 
• Teaching about Climate Change to school students and engage them with practical work to create awareness.

Additional Info:
Incorporating the topic into school curriculum only stands to bring students closer to their communities. Civic engagement, one of the most important lessons schools impart on their students, can be taught through student engagement with local institutions.

• How are their communities working to be more sustainable?
• What policies are governments putting in place, and how might students push for more?

It is not enough to simply teach students about the science behind climate change; students also need to learn how institutions and individuals deal with problems of this scale, and how they fit into that larger picture. As long as schools have a responsibility to teach global citizenship and community stewardship, they have reason to teach about climate change.

With curriculum hectic as they are, and such a breadth of material to cover, where do schools start? There are many resources available to schools, among them, UN CC:Learn’s “Integrating Climate Change in Education at Primary and Secondary Level” guide. It covers topics ranging from the challenges that climate change poses to schools themselves, among them school closings and low enrollment as a result of natural disasters, to how to integrate climate change into existing school curriculum, and even provides teaching materials for primary and secondary school educators. 
Other resources to consider include projects and individuals working in school communities. It’s important that schools tie climate change education to their communities, teaching their students both civic engagement and providing important examples for how solutions are being developed to global issues in real-time.

Teaching about climate change is by no means easy, but it is a challenge worth tackling for all those involved — communities, schools, teachers, and students alike. As an interdisciplinary issue, climate change can open young minds to deeper avenues of thought and reinforce learning in social science. More than that, real climate change education confers onto students an appreciation of the role they play in their environment — both their physical, changing environment, and their civic environments.

If schools want to create deep-thinking, engaged, and self-aware students, they should undoubtedly turn to climate change education.

Follow me on Twitter for daily climate change news and feel free to email me regarding suggestions to improve and how do you feel listening to my podcast. I would like to say to you all that please leave some feedback in whatever platform you are listening to this podcast, it will help me to see if you are liking it or not.
Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegi
Website: climatology.in
Email: [email protected]
Song: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music)
Music provided by Vlog No Copyright Music.
Video Link: https://youtu.be/cVA-9JHwbFY

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In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about the role of “METHANE” in climate change. 

Topics Covered:

• Introduction 
• Importance of Methane 
• Global budget of Methane 
• Main Sources of Methane
• Wetlands, Geological Methane, Termites, Vegetation, Biomass burning, Rice cultivation, Ruminants, Manure and wastewater, Landfills, Fossil energy
• Global Warming Potential
• Global Temperature Change
• Joshua Dean answers question regarding Methane

Additional Info:
Methane appears to play an increasing role in on-going anthropogenic climate change, particularly in light of the slowdown of CO2 fossil fuel emissions over the past three years. Methane emissions from increasing agricultural activities seem to be a major, possibly dominant, cause of the atmospheric growth trends of the past decade. The rapid increase in methane concentrations offers a growing mitigation opportu- nity, acknowledging the need to balance food security and environmental protection. Keeping global warming below 2 °C is already a challenging target, with most of the attention placed primarily on CO2 emissions. Such a target will become increasingly difficult if reductions in methane emis- sions are not also addressed strongly and rapidly. Despite important uncertainties in methane sources and sinks, the recent increase in methane concentra- tions suggests a dominant anthropogenic contribution (either biogenic or thermogenic). Methane therefore offers growing opportunities for climate change miti- gation that could allow a return to lower emission trajectories such as RCP6 or RCP4.5. Because of methane’s high global warming potential and short lifetime in the atmosphere compared to CO2, its mitigation offers the possibility to slow climate change efficiently in a shorter time horizon. In addition to climate benefits, reducing methane emissions could help improve human health and crop production through simultaneous reductions in ozone production and provide business and employment opportunities. Most of methane’s natural emissions come from a soggy source: wetlands, which includes bogs. Many microbes are like mammals in that they eat organic material and spit out carbon dioxide—but many that live in still, oxygen-deprived spots like waterlogged wetland soils produce methane instead, which then leaks into the atmosphere. Over all, about a third of all the methane floating in the modern atmosphere comes from wetlands. In the modern atmosphere, methane concentrations have risen by more than 150 percent since 1750.



Follow me on Twitter for daily climate change news and feel free to email me regarding suggestions to improve and how do you feel listening to my podcast. I would like to say to you all that please leave some feedback in whatever platform you are listening to this podcast, it will help me to see if you are liking it or not.
Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegi
Website: climatology.in
Email: [email protected]
Song: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music)
Music provided by Vlog No Copyright Music.
Video Link: https://youtu.be/cVA-9JHwbFY

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In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about “Earth’s Climate System.” 

Topics Covered:

• Climate System 
• Weather and Climate
• Earth’s Climate History 
• Components and their interactions 
• How humans are changing the climate 
• Inertia 
• The sun and the global energy balance 
• Global and hemispheric variability
• Extreme Events 
• Global Air Circulation 
• Non Rotating Earth 
• Rotating Earth
• Hadley Cell
• Ferrel Cell
• Polar Cell
• Climate Regions
• Records of Climate Change 
• Long term and Short Term 
• Cycles in the Climate System 

Additional Info:
Paleoclimatology:
Paleoclimatology is the study of past climate over a great period of the Earth's history. It uses evidence from ice sheets, tree rings, sediments, coral, and rocks to determine the past state of the climate. It demonstrates periods of stability and periods of change and can indicate whether changes follow patterns such as regular cycles.
Climate Models:
Climate models use quantitative methods to simulate the interactions of the atmosphere, oceans, land surface and ice. They are used for a variety of purposes; from the study of the dynamics of the weather and climate system, to projections of future climate. All climate models balance, or very nearly balance, incoming energy as short wave (including visible) electromagnetic radiation to the earth with outgoing energy as long wave (infrared) electromagnetic radiation from the earth. Any imbalance results in a change in the average temperature of the earth. The most talked-about applications of these models in recent years have been their use to infer the consequences of increasing greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily carbon dioxide. These models predict an upward trend in the global mean surface temperature, with the most rapid increase in temperature being projected for the higher latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere.
Models can range from relatively simple to quite complex:

• Simple radiant heat transfer model that treats the earth as a single point and averages outgoing energy
• this can be expanded vertically (radiative-convective models), or horizontally
• finally, (coupled) atmosphere–ocean–sea ice global climate models discretise and solve the full equations for mass and energy transfer and radiant exchange.

Follow me on Twitter for daily climate change news and feel free to email me regarding suggestions to improve and how do you feel listening to my podcast. I would like to say to you all that please leave some feedback in whatever platform you are listening to this podcast, it will help me to see if you are liking it or not.
Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegi
Email: [email protected]
Song: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music)
Music provided by Vlog No Copyright Music.
Video Link: https://youtu.be/cVA-9JHwbFY

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In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about in depth about "Climate Variability" and it is the final part which is part-2. Climate Variability is defined as variations in the mean state and other statistics of the climate on all temporal and spatial scales, beyond individual weather events. The term "Climate Variability" is often used to denote deviations of climatic statistics over a given period of time (e.g. a month, season or year) when compared to long-term statistics for the same calendar period. Climate variability is measured by these deviations, which are usually termed anomalies. Variability may be due to natural internal processes within the climate system (internal variability), or to variations in natural or anthropogenic external factors (external variability).
Topics:

• Introduction
• Consequences 
• Estimating the effects of Climate Variations
• Causes
• Internal Climate Variability 
• External Climate Forcing
•  Paleo-Eocene Thermal maximum
• Holocene
• The Cenozoic
• Variability between regions

Additional Info:
 
A key difference between climate variability and change is in persistence of "anomalous” conditions - when events that used to be rare occur more frequently, or vice-versa. In statistical terms, the curve of the frequency distribution representing the probability of specific meteorological events changes. The curve may be modified either in amplitude, shifted about a new mean, or both.  The growth in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere because of anthropogenic activities is also expected to be the most important factor forcing climate to change during the 21st century. Within the atmosphere there are naturally occurring green-house gases, which trap some of the outgoing infrared radiation emitted by the earth and the atmosphere. The principal greenhouse gas is water vapour, but also carbon dioxide (CO2), ozone (O3), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxides (N2O), together with clouds, keeps the Earth’s surface and troposphere 33◦C warmer than it would otherwise be. This is the natural greenhouse effect. Changes in the concentrations of these greenhouse gases will change the efficiency with which the Earth cools to space. The atmosphere absorbs more of the outgoing terrestrial radiation from the surface when concentrations of greenhouse gases increase. This is emitted at higher altitudes and colder temperatures and results in a positive radiative forcing which tends to warm the lower atmosphere and Earth’s surface.  Climate variability and change affects individuals and societies. Within agricultural systems, seasonal climate forecasting can increase preparedness and lead to better social, economic and environmental outcomes. Climate forecasting is probably one of the oldest professions in the world. A Babylonia scroll dated to about 3000 BC may well be the oldest-known example of an attempt to predict the weather that would affect the following season’s crops. 

 
Follow me on Twitter for daily climate change news and feel free to email me regarding suggestions to improve and how do you feel listening to my podcast. I would like to say to you all that please leave some feedback in whatever platform you are listening to this podcast, it will help me to see if you are liking it or not.
Twitter:  https://twitter.com/realyashnegi
Email: [email protected]
Song: Ikson - New Day (Vlog No Copyright Music)
Music provided by Vlog No Copyright Music.
Video Link: https://youtu.be/cVA-9JHwbFY 

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HAPPY NEW YEAR to everyone. May this year brings more happiness in your life. Wishing you and your family a great year ahead. In this episode of podcast, I have talked about Climate Variability. This is the first part of Climate Variability.
Topics:

• Introduction about Climate Variability 
• Difference between Climate Change and Climate Variability
• Enhanced Greenhouse Effect
• Impact and Vulnerability
• Impacts of climate variability and extremes
• Transportation 

Additional Info:
 The climate system receives nearly all of its energy from the sun. The climate system also radiates energy to outer space. The balance of incoming and outgoing energy, and the passage of the energy through the climate system, determines Earth's energy budget. When the incoming energy is greater than the outgoing energy, earth's energy budget is positive and the climate system is warming. If more energy goes out, the energy budget is negative and earth experiences cooling.  Climate variability is the term to describe variations in the mean state and other characteristics of climate (such as chances or possibility of extreme weather, etc.) "on all spatial and temporal scales beyond that of individual weather events."  Some of the variability does not appear to be caused systematically and occurs at random times. Such variability is called random variability or noise. On the other hand, periodic variability occurs relatively regularly and in distinct modes of variability or climate patterns.  A climate oscillation or climate cycle is any recurring cyclical oscillation within global or regional climate. They are quasiperiodic (not perfectly periodic), so a Fourier analysis of the data does not give a sharp spectrum. Many oscillations on different time-scales have been found or hypothesized.   Throughout the Cenozoic, multiple climate forcings led to warming and cooling of the atmosphere, which led to the early formation of the Antarctic ice sheet, subsequent melting, and its later reglaciation. The temperature changes occurred somewhat suddenly, at carbon dioxide concentrations of about 600–760 ppm and temperatures approximately 4 °C warmer than today. 


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Website: climatology.in

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In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about what events occurred in 2020 and what were the temperatures recorded in each month. Christian aid report is the most detailed report of the events that occurred this year.  This was the last episode of this year. I wish everyone in advance a happy new year. 

Content:

• Temperature in January
• Temperature in February 
• Temperature in March
• Temperature in April
• Temperature in May
• Temperature in June
• Temperature in July
• Temperature in August
• Temperature in September
• Temperature in October
• Temperature in November 
• Temperature in December 

Climate Change Events:

• Australia: Bushfires
• East Africa: Locust swarms
• Europe: Windstorms Clara & Alex
• Bay of Bengal: Cyclone Amphan
• US and Central America: Atlantic Hurricanes
• China: Floods
• India: Floods
• Japan: Kyushu Floods
• Pakistan: Floods
• US: West Coast Fires
• Russia: Siberian heatwave
• South Sudan: Floods
• South America: Fires
• Philippines: Typhoons Goni and Vamco
• Vietnam: Floods

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Additional Info:
Must Read: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-12-28/bloomberg-green-s-biggest-climate-change-stories-of-2020
Siberia recorded its second warmest January-June temperatures on record—more than 5 °C (9 °F) above average—including up to 10 °C (18°F) above average in June. Verkhoyansk, located north of the arctic circle, recorded a temperature of 38 °C (100 °F) on 20 June. An analysis showed that, without human-induced climate change, these January-June temperatures would happen less than once in every 80,000 years.
In April 2020 Northern Hemisphere sea ice volume was approximately 1,000 km3 below the 2010-2019 average, and October 2020 sea ice volume showed the lowest value in the preceding 10 years because of a second largest summer loss of 15.215 km3.
In December, the WMO reported the global mean temperature for January to October 2020 was about 1.2 °C above the 1850–1900 baseline, with 2020 likely to be one of the three warmest years on record despite the normally cooling effect of La Niña.
Antarctic ice in 2020 was close to or slightly above the 42-year mean.  The U.N.'s 2020 Emissions Gap Report stated that the highest-earning 1% of the global population account for more than twice the combined greenhouse gas emissions of the lowest-earning 50%. To meet the 1.5 °C goal of the Paris Agreement, the 1 percent would need to reduce their current emissions by at least a factor of 30, while the per capita emissions of the poorest 50 per cent could increase by around three times their current levels.

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In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about "Carbon sequestration".
Topics:

• What is Carbon sequestration?
• Oceanic Carbon sequestration
• Geologic Carbon sequestration
• Terrestrial Carbon sequestration
• Carbon Sources and Carbon Sinks
• Climate Change Mitigation
• Carbon sequestration in grasslands
• Carbon sequestration in soils

Additional Info:
 Human induced carbon pools are characterized with Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology. Carbon capture and storage is a combination of technologies and techniques that enable the capture of CO2 from fuel combustion or industrial processes. Then transportation of CO2 is being done through pipelines, CO2 is stored underground in depleted oil and gas fields and deep saline formations. CCS can, therefore, have a unique and imperative role to play in a sustainable low-carbon economy.  This is caused primarily by increases in “greenhouse” gases such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2).   Small changes in the average temperature of earth so far, can transform into large in coming hundred years. Moreover, these climatic changes will have great potential to create negative impacts on environment and mankind. Therefore, it is essential to mitigate climate change for advance minimization of its dangerous impacts. Current evidence suggests that to avoid the worst impacts of climate change, we should aim to limit the global average temperature rise to 2°C (35.6°F), not beyond that. This requires to undertake immediate reduction in global greenhouse gas emissions in all the sectors.  All extra carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing the overall temperature of earth on day-to-day basis, causing global warming. It is changing climate in unpredictable ways, from floods and hurricanes to heat waves and droughts. To try and reduce the risk of global warming and extreme weather events, It is required to reduce the amount of how much fossil fuel we are burning. This isn't an easy process. In the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, it was decided that carbon emission in the atmosphere will be reduced by 5% below 1990 levels between 2008 and 2012. Several measures can be found out to reduce carbon from the atmosphere and thus to reduce adverse impacts of climate change. One of the measure is carbon sequestration, which is cheap and simple as well as costly and complex. That is natural carbon sequestration and geological carbon sequestration.   Carbon farming is a name for a variety of agricultural methods aimed at sequestering atmospheric carbon into the soil and in crop roots, wood and leaves. Increasing soil's carbon content can aid plant growth, increase soil organic matter (improving agricultural yield), improve soil water retention capacity and reduce fertilizer use (and the accompanying emissions of greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). As of 2016, variants of carbon farming reached hundreds of millions of hectares globally, of the nearly 5 billion hectares (1.2×1010 acres) of world farmland. Soils can contain up to five per cent carbon by weight, including decomposing plant and animal matter and biochar.  The use of the technology would add an additional 1–5 cents of cost per kilowatt hour, according to estimate made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The financial costs of modern coal technology would nearly double if use of CCS technology were to be required by regulation.   

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In this episode of podcast, I have talked about "Carbon Leakage."  Carbon leakage is central to the discussion on climate policy, given the confluence of issues that are currently being debated, including the 2030 Energy and Climate Framework and the review of the EU carbon leakage. Carbon leakage is the result of asymmetrical carbon policies, especially carbon pricing, and the resulting carbon cost, which affects the international competitive position of some EU industry and could displace production and/or investment, and the emissions of the activities displaced. 
Topics:

• What is Carbon Leakage?
• Impacts
• Forms of Carbon Leakage
• Channels for Carbon Leakage
• Cause 
• Objectives
• Carbon Prices and costs
• Asymmetrical Carbon Policies
• Preventing Carbon Leakage
• Carbon Tax Credits
• Free allowance allocation

 Additional Notes:
 EU ETS leakage list criteria:
 If an activity fulfills any of the following three thresholds, they are added to the leakage list: 

•  Direct and indirect costs increase production costs by at least 5% of gross value added and trade intensity (calculated as the value of imports plus exports over annual turnover plus imports) is over 10%, 
•  Direct and indirect costs increase production costs by at least 30%
•  Trade intensity is over 30%. 

 If a sector has borderline values on the quantitative criteria, then the following qualitative criteria can be considered: 

•  Emissions levels and electricity consumption reduction potential of individual installations in the sector, 
•  Current and projected market characteristics and 
•  Profit margins as an indicator of long-term investment or relocation decisions 

The focal point of the approach to leakage in the EU ETS is the leakage list. Sectors and activities on this list receive a larger proportion of free allocation (with respect to their compliance obligations) than sectors that are not on the list. If an installation is among the most carbon-efficient entities in the sector and production has not increased beyond production in the reference years (the three most-recent years for which data are available), that installation receives full free allocation (if we do not take the cross-sectoral correction factor into account). 
The Quebec Cap-and-Trade scheme is characterized by its degree of political maneuverability. The sectors eligible for free allowances and the amount of free allocation are not set in stone and can be reviewed by the Ministry if and when it is deemed necessary. The auction calendar is also subject to political decisions. Two additional exceptional issues should be noted: 

•  Electricity imported from other cap-and-trade systems that are not linked to Quebec’s system is also eligible for free allocation. 
•  From 2015 to 2020, free allocation decreases annually, determined by an emissions-intensity target that also decreases annually. Different industrial activities will see different levels of decrease. 

 New Zealand ETS :
 Starting in 2008 with the forestry sector, the New Zealand ETS has gradually expanded. In 2010energy and industry joined and in 2013 synthetic gases and waste sectors were included. Agriculture has had a mandatory reporting obligation for biological on-farm emissions from 2012 and was previously legislated to have surrendered obligations for these emissions from 2015, but this has been placed on hold indefinitely. 

Website: climatology.in
Twitter: https://twitter.com/realyashnegi
Email: [email protected]

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In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about Carbon Capture Storage and why it matters.
Topics:

• What is CCS?
•  CCS is a three-step process 
• Why is it important?
• Where can captured CO2 can be stored?
• What role it can play in climate change?
• Components of a CCS system
• Technologies used to capture it

Additional Info:
The steps moving CCS to commercialization rely on making the necessary investments in the technology and involve both the private and public sectors. The four essential elements include:  

•  private–public partnerships are needed to build and operate approximately ten demonstration plants worldwide over the next decade;  
•  governments (with advice from the private sector) must create a market for CCS through climate policy. The policy should be technologically-neutral(i.e. avoid picking winners and losers); 
•  governments (with advice from the private sector) must provide a suitable regulatory environment for CCS. These regulations must be stringent enough to protect the public interests, but not overly stringent so as to stifle CCS development; 
•  the private sector must develop a business organization to address all components of the CCS value chain. The implementation of CCS, including decisions on the appropriate technologies, needs to be left up to the private sector.  

 Absorption:
 A liquid sorbent is used to separate the CO2from the flue gas.The sorbent can be regenerated through a stripping or regenerative process by heating and/or depressurization. This process is the most mature method for CO2 separation.  Typical sorbent  include mono ethanolamine (MEA), diethanolamine (DEA)and potassium carbonate.
 Adsorption: 
 In contrast to absorption processes which use a liquid absorbent, a solid sorbent is used to bind the CO2on its surfaces. Large specific surface area, high selectivity and high regeneration ability are the main criteria for sorbent selection. Typical sorbents include molecular sieves, activated carbon, zeolites, calcium oxides, hydro-talcites and lithium zirconate.  

Once CO2 is separated from the rest of the flue gas components it needs to be transported to the storage site or to the facilities for its industrial utilization. Whatever the chosen final fate of CO2,reliable, safe and economically feasible system of transport is a key feature of any CCS project. Depending on the volumes involved a variety of means of transport may be utilized, ranging from road tankers to ships and pipelines. A study related to CCS in the North Sea highlights that CO2transport by ship tanker, using technologies derived from the LPG carriers, is feasible and cost competitive with pipelines with a total cost ranging from 20 to 30 USD/tonne when more than 2MtCO2/year are transported within the distances involved in North Sea storage .
Twitter: https://twitter.com/realyashnegi
Website: climatology.in
Email: [email protected]

Note: I apologize for the noise coming from the background, I tried my best to cut the noise from the background but it is the best edit I can do. I will cut the entire unwanted noise from my background in the upcoming podcast. I am once again Sorry, I promise it won't happen again.

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In this episode of Podcast, I have talked about United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. Before you start listening to this make sure you listen to my previous podcast which was on Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement then you will have a better understanding. 
Topics:

• UNFCCC
• Objectives
• Climate Policy
• Kyoto Protocol
• NGO's Involvement
• Institutional Arrangements 
• Achievements
• The Copenhagen Accord

Twitter: https://twitter.com/realyashnegi
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Website: climatology.in (due to some issue's website is in maintenance and it can be live anytime soon).
Keep supporting my podcast it means a lot to me. Take Care of yours and your family members. 

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