Talking Climate Change with Yash Negi

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In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about Glaciers and its classification along with distribution and 
Also talked about my questions that I asked my professor at my university.

• How Do Glaciers Move?
• How do glaciers move?
• How Fast Do Glaciers Move?

Additional Information

Arêtes are narrow, serrated, knife-edge ridges forming a thin partition between two cirques or adjacent parallel glacial troughs. Horns are pyramidal, steep-walled mountain peaks formed by headward erosion of cirques. To form, a horn must have at least three cirques on its flanks.
Glacial Deposits:
Both valley and continental glaciers deposit their sediment load as glacial drift, a general term for glacially deposited material. A vast sheet of the glacial drift of the Pleistocene Epoch blankets the northern U.S. and adjacent Canada.
Erratics are boulders eroded and transported by glaciers and deposited in areas from which they were obviously not derived. Till is poorly sorted sediment deposited by glacial ice. Stratified drift is layered, sorted sediment deposited by flowing meltwater.
Morraines
The outermost end moraines deposited when the glacier was at it greatest extent are called terminal moraines. If the glacier recedes and eventually stabilizes at a new location, an end moraine has known as a recessional moraine accumulates at the terminus. Ground moraines are deposited as glaciers recede and sediment is liberated form the melting ice. Ground moraines have an irregular, rolling topography.
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In this episode of the podcast, I haven't discussed anything. I made this podcast to say Thanks to every single person who listens to my podcast every day. Today I have completed my 100th Download of episodes and I couldn't wait any longer to say thanks for showing so much love I was overwhelmed by your support. It really means a lot to me and I will keep improving my podcast with quality content to make sure listener's time should not be wasted. Thank You once again  listener's you all made my day. 

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In this episode of the podcast, I have continued talking about the Arctic. This episode is a little longer than the previous episodes. 
I have talked on the following topics:

• France's Importance in the Arctic
• Background
• Key issues and challenges ahead in the Arctic
• Priorities
• International Polar Years 
• France's main scientific interests in the arctic.
• Permafrost
• Economic opportunities
• Protecting the arctic marine environments 
• The European Union and the arctic
• Arctic Facts

“France will do everything that it can, here in the Far North of the planet, to take action, mobilize its researchers and its businesses, to enable us to preserve this part of the world, which is undoubtedly one of the most beautiful.”
“France will never think that the Arctic Ocean can be treated like any other ocean in terms of the level of environmental precautions. We are calling for the implementation of special, more stringent environmental safety standards in the Arctic where French operators are present.”
Additional Info

1. Size of the Arctic: mainland and sea area located inside the Arctic Circle (66.33° north latitude): 20.946 million km²(approx. 38 times larger than metropolitan France
2. Size of the Arctic Ocean: 14.2 million km²Canada and Eurasian Basins, Siberian Seas (Kara, Laptev, and East Siberian seas), the Chukchi Sea, Beaufort Sea, Barents Sea, Greenland Sea, Baffin Bay, and Hudson Bay. 
3. Maximum depth of the Arctic Ocean: > 5,400 metres (Litke Deep)(approx. 60% of the area of the Arctic Ocean is less than 200 metres deep).
4. Minimum extent of summer sea ice (11 September 2015): 4.4 million km²(4th lowest extent of sea ice in the satellite record)
5. Maximum extent of winter sea ice (March 2015: 14.4 million km²(Sea ice extent in March 2015 was the lowest in the satellite record)
6. Extent of permafrost (frozen ground): Approximately 24% of the land mass in the northern hemisphere and a large, poorly mapped, part of the ocean floor on the continental shelves of the Arctic seas.

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In this episode of the podcast, I have talked about the Polar Region. It is a little bit long podcast but you will definitely like it for sure.
Additional Info:
Why are changes in sea ice so important to the polar regions?
Sea ice is a dominant feature of polar oceans. Shifts in the distribution and extent of sea ice during the growing season impacts the duration, magnitude, and species composition of primary and secondary production in the polar regions. With less sea ice many marine ecosystems will experience more light, which can accelerate the growth of phytoplankton, and shift the balance between the primary production by ice algae and water-borne phytoplankton, with implications for Arctic food webs. In contrast, sea ice is also an important habitat for juvenile Antarctic krill, providing food and protection from predators. Krill is a basic food source for many species in polar marine ecosystems.
Changes in sea ice will have other impacts, beyond these “bottom-up” consequences for marine food webs. Mammals and birds utilize sea ice as haul-outs during foraging trips (seals, walrus, and polar bears in the Arctic and seals and penguins in the Antarctic). Some seals (e.g., bearded seals in the Arctic and crabeater and leopard seals in Antarctica) give birth and nurse pups in pack ice. Shifts in the spatial distribution and extent of sea ice will alter the spatial overlap of predators and their prey. According to model projections, within 50 to 70 years, loss of hunting habitats may lead to the elimination of polar bears from seasonally ice-covered areas, where two-thirds of their world population currently live. The vulnerability of marine species to changes in sea ice will depend on the exposure to change, which will vary by location, as well as the sensitivity of the species to changing environmental conditions and the adaptive capacity of each species. More open waters and longer ice-free periods in the northern seas enhance the effect of wave action and coastal erosion, with implications for coastal communities and infrastructure. Although the overall sea ice extent in the Southern Ocean has not changed markedly in recent decades, there have been increases in oceanic temperatures and large regional decreases in winter sea ice extent and duration in the western Antarctic Peninsula region of West Antarctica and the islands of the Scotia Arc.
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In this episode of podcast I have talked about Arctic and it is itself a very big topic so I have decided to split the video into parts and this is Part1.  
About Arctic:
The Arctic is the northernmost region on Earth. The Arctic is dominated by the Arctic Ocean basin, and the icy reaches of Scandinavia, Russia, the U.S. state of Alaska, Canada, and Greenland.  
Here are the things I have mentioned.

• Life in the Arctic

Marine Ecosystem 
Secondary Consumers
Tertiary Consumers
Scavengers
Terrestrial Ecosystems

• People in the Arctic
• Inuit 
• Challenges of Indigenous Cultures
• Resources in the Arctic
• Changing Climate in the Arctic

Additional Information
Balmy Arctic:
The Arctic is mostly an ocean surrounded by land. The Antarctic is mostly land surrounded by water. Because the Arctic ocean absorbs so much more solar radiation than the Antarctic ice sheet, the Arctic is much, much, much warmer than the Antarctic. In fact, the Arctic is not even the coldest place in the Northern Hemisphere. (The icy, subarctic interior of Siberia, in eastern Russia, holds that record.)
Icebreakers:
Travel in the Arctic is still dependent on icebreakers. An icebreaker is a very powerful ship capable of breaking up kilometers of sea ice, sometimes several meters thick. Icebreakers are most often powered by nuclear fuel, but can also run on gas and steam. They can be uncomfortable to travel in, as their shape allows them to roll back and forth more easily than other heavy ships. Russia manufactures the most powerful icebreakers.

Oil in ANWR:
The Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR), situated on Alaska’s northeastern coast, is the largest protected wilderness in the United States. Extractive activities are allowed in the refuge, as long as the U.S. Congress approves. Some geologists estimate that there may be between 5 billion and 16 billion barrels of oil and natural gas beneath the coastal plain of the refuge. People have debated since the 1970s about whether to develop this pristine area, but Congress has not given any approval to drill or mine there.
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In this episode of podcast I have talked about what is Carbon Footprint and why it is important to know your carbon footprint. A carbon footprint is made up of the sum of two parts, the primary footprint and the secondary footprint. Virtually all human activities cause the CO2 emissions that lead to climate change.
A carbon footprint is a measure of the impact our activities have on the environment, and in particular climate change. It relates to the amount of greenhouse gases produced in our day-to-day lives through burning fossil fuels for electricity, heating and transportation etc. The carbon footprint is a measurement of all greenhouse gases we individually produce and has units of tonnes (or kg) of carbon dioxide equivalent. 

• Carbon Footprint
• Why calculate a carbon footprint?
• Calculating a carbon footprint
• Facts
• Green Tips to reduce carbon emissions

Throughout the process of calculating a carbon footprint, always be clear, consistent and transparent.
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GOD BLESS YOU.

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In this episode of podcast Talking Climate Change with Yash Negi, I have talked about The Kyoto Protocol and the differences between Paris Agreement and The Kyoto Protocol. I also mentioned The Doha Amendment with Kyoto Protocol. 
Kyoto Protocol:

• Background
• Major Tenets
• Responsibilities of Developed versus Developing Nations 
• The United States' Involvement 

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Climate change is one of the greatest threats to global security. Climate change knows no borders and it presents an existential challenge to us all. Believe in the power of your own voice. The more noise you make, the more accountability you demand from your leaders, the more our world will change for the better. Join me in this journey to find the hidden depths of climate change. This is my podcast "Talking Climate Change with Yash Negi."

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“A world that is safer and more secure, more prosperous, and more free.” In December 2015, that was the world President Barack Obama envisioned we would leave today’s children when he announced that the United States, along with nearly 200 other countries, had committed to the Paris Climate Agreement, an ambitious global action plan to fight climate change. In this episode I have talked about Paris Agreement and why it is important also Articles mentioned in Paris Agreement. It is must to know about its background from where it is originated and where it is now. 
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In this episode of the podcast I have briefly talked about Global Warming and the factors responsible for it. And Answered some of the basic questions which everyone has in their minds. 
What is Global Warming?
 What causes Global Warming? 
How Global Warming is linked to weather?
What are the other effects of Global Warming?
I have also covered Sea Level rise and coastal flooding, Global Warming impacts on Snow, land ice and sea ice as well. 
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Thanks for listening to this podcast, it means a lot to me. Like, share and subscribe to my podcast channel.
God Bless You Listeners. 

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