In Episode 14 of TEE Time, Dr. Andreas Plackis provides an in-depth guide to mastering perioperative Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) and passing both the Basic and Advanced PTEeXAMs. This episode introduces a four-stage learning blueprint—beginner, intermediate, expertise, and mastery—designed to streamline the TEE learning process for various medical professionals. Key tools and resources are recommended at each stage, including websites, simulators, guidelines, textbooks, and more. Dr. Plackis emphasizes the importance of hands-on practice, mentorship, and case volume to build expertise, and offers strategies to progress from understanding basic cardiac anatomy in TEE views to influencing clinical care with advanced diagnostic skills. The episode also provides guidance on utilizing additional resources like podcasts, social media, and conferences, applicable for any stage of learning. Finally, detailed preparation tips for passing the Basic and Advanced PTEeXAMs are discussed.

00:00 Introduction to TEE Time and Episode Overview

01:07 The Importance of Efficient TEE Learning

01:56 The TEE Time Blueprint: Four Stages of Learning

04:27 Stage 1: The Beginner Stage

07:11 Stage 2: The Intermediate Stage

08:54 Stage 3: The Expertise Stage

10:23 Stage 4: The Mastery Stage

12:36 Tools for Any Stage of TEE Learning

15:36 Preparing for the Basic and Advanced PTEeXAMs

18:14 Conclusion and Next Episode Preview

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #Surgery #AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography #BasicPTE #AdvancedPTE #PTEeXAM #ICU

DISCLAIMER: This podcast provides recommendations intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as the sole basis for making medical decisions. The information reflects expert opinions rather than scientifically-verified data, and no express or implied warranties are made regarding its accuracy, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose. Listeners are encouraged to verify all information independently and consult additional reliable sources. Neither the authors, publishers, nor any parties involved assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or outcomes resulting from the use of this material. All non-original material featured in this podcast is either used with explicit permission from the copyright owner or is believed to fall under the Fair Use provisions of U.S. copyright law for purposes such as education, commentary, and criticism. If you believe any material has been used improperly, please contact the author directly so the matter can be promptly reviewed and addressed.

ASE GUIDELINES TO READ:

•2025 LV Diastolic Function and HFpEF Diagnosis

•2025 Echocardiographic Assessment of the Right Heart

•2024 Imaging Patients With LVADs and Temporary MCS

•2024 Evaluation of Prosthetic Valve Function

•2023 Structural Heart Disease Interventions

•2023 Evaluation of Rheumatic Heart Disease

•2022 TEE Screening for Structural Heart Intervention

•2020 Cardiac POCUS and Critical Care Echocardiography

•2020 Surgical Decision-Making in the Operating Room

•2019 Regurgitation after Valve Repair or Replacement

•2017 Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation

•2017 Aortic Valve Stenosis

•2016 Evaluation of a Cardiac Source of Embolism

•2015 Management of Patients with LVADs

•2015 Atrial Septal Defect and Patent Foramen Ovale

•2015 Diseases of the Thoracic Aorta in Adults

•2015 Cardiac Chamber Quantification

•2013 Pericardial Disease

•2013 Performing a Comprehensive TEE Exam

•2013 Basic Perioperative TEE Exam

•2012 Image Acquisition and Display Using 3D Echo

•2011 Transcatheter Intervention for Valvular Heart Disease

•2010 Focused Cardiac Ultrasound in Emergent Setting

•2009 Echocardiographic Assessment of Valve Stenosis

•2009 Echocardiography-Guided Interventions

•2007 Comprehensive Intraoperative Echocardiography Exam

•2007 Comprehensive Epicardial Echocardiography Examination

•2006 Quality Improvement in Perioperative Echocardiography

In Episode 13 of TEE Time, Dr. Andreas Plackis explores the critical role of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) in guiding mitral valve repair surgery. This episode offers a deep dive into key decision points such as repair versus replacement, comprehensive pre- and post-bypass TEE assessments, and the echocardiographic markers that influence surgical strategy. Dr. Plackis breaks down the benefits of repair, factors that predict success or failure, and the technical steps for a thorough TEE evaluation. Listeners will also gain insight into surgical goals, common repair techniques, strategies to prevent systolic anterior motion (SAM), and how to assess repair effectiveness after bypass. Whether you’re in training or refining your expertise, this episode delivers essential, high-yield knowledge to optimize outcomes in mitral valve surgery.

00:00 Introduction to Mitral Valve Repair

01:23 Advantages of Mitral Valve Repair

01:55 Factors Influencing Repair vs. Replacement

04:37 Pre Bypass TEE Assessment

13:28 Intraoperative Mitral Valve Repair Strategies

25:25 Post Bypass TEE Assessment

30:37 Conclusion and Key Takeaways

31:15 Next Episode Preview and Closing Remarks

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #Surgery #AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #PulmCrit #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography

DISCLAIMER: This podcast provides recommendations intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as the sole basis for making medical decisions. The information reflects expert opinions rather than scientifically-verified data, and no express or implied warranties are made regarding its accuracy, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose. Listeners are encouraged to verify all information independently and consult additional reliable sources. Neither the authors, publishers, nor any parties involved assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or outcomes resulting from the use of this material. All non-original material featured in this podcast is either used with explicit permission from the copyright owner or is believed to fall under the Fair Use provisions of U.S. copyright law for purposes such as education, commentary, and criticism. If you believe any material has been used improperly, please contact the author directly so the matter can be promptly reviewed and addressed.

In TEE Time Episode 12, the focus is on teaching healthcare providers how to use Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) to provide optimal care for patients undergoing mitral valve replacement surgery. This episode incorporates key points from previous episodes on native valve evaluation, mitral regurgitation, and mitral stenosis, and organizes them into a high-yield review of concepts. The discussion covers pre-bypass evaluations, intraprocedural guidance, and post-bypass assessments using methodologies like the six-step native valve evaluation system and the SLICK valve evaluation system. The episode includes specifics on 2D and 3D echocardiography, Doppler echocardiography, surgical approaches, cannulation, and cardioplegia strategies.

00:00 Introduction to TEE Time Episode 12

01:31 Pre Bypass Period: Six-Step Native Valve Evaluation

11:14 Intraprocedural Considerations for Mitral Valve Replacement

14:08 Post Bypass Period: SLICK Valve Evaluation System

20:26 Summary and Key Points

21:04 Conclusion and Next Episode Preview

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #Surgery

#AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #PulmCrit #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography

DISCLAIMER: This podcast provides recommendations intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as the sole basis for making medical decisions. The information reflects expert opinions rather than scientifically-verified data, and no express or implied warranties are made regarding its accuracy, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose. Listeners are encouraged to verify all information independently and consult additional reliable sources. Neither the authors, publishers, nor any parties involved assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or outcomes resulting from the use of this material. All non-original material featured in this podcast is either used with explicit permission from the copyright owner or is believed to fall under the Fair Use provisions of U.S. copyright law for purposes such as education, commentary, and criticism. If you believe any material has been used improperly, please contact the author directly so the matter can be promptly reviewed and addressed.

In Episode 11 of 'TEE Time,' Dr. Andreas Plackis discusses the evaluation of mitral stenosis using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for patients undergoing mitral valve surgery. Key points covered include methods to evaluate mitral stenosis severity, differentiating rheumatic from calcific mitral stenosis, and the implications for surgical intervention. The episode also details the clinical impact of TEE in determining valve area, mean gradient, and pressure halftime. Finally, the episode provides a step-by-step guide on using echocardiography, including 2D, 3D, Doppler, and other cardiac data, to assess mitral stenosis and its impact on clinical decision-making.

00:00 Introduction to Mitral Stenosis and TEE

01:02 Defining Mitral Stenosis Severity

01:39 Causes and Types of Mitral Stenosis

03:19 Intervention Indications for Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis

04:58 Intervention Indications for Calcific Mitral Stenosis

06:04 Evaluating Mitral Stenosis with TEE: Step-by-Step

13:00 Quantitative Measurements for Valve Severity

15:59 3D Echocardiography in Mitral Stenosis Assessment

17:36 Other Cardiac Data in Mitral Stenosis Evaluation

20:04 Conclusion and Key Points

Watch the full podcast episodes here:

Apple: buff.ly/40FJ3PB,

Spotify: buff.ly/3EiXu4Q,

YouTube: buff.ly/4hjb4Ul”

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #Surgery #AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #CABG #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography #CICU #CVICU #ICU #ResuscitativeTEE

DISCLAIMER: This podcast provides recommendations intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as the sole basis for making medical decisions. The information reflects expert opinions rather than scientifically-verified data, and no express or implied warranties are made regarding its accuracy, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose. Listeners are encouraged to verify all information independently and consult additional reliable sources. Neither the authors, publishers, nor any parties involved assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or outcomes resulting from the use of this material. All non-original material featured in this podcast is either used with explicit permission from the copyright owner or is believed to fall under the Fair Use provisions of U.S. copyright law for purposes such as education, commentary, and criticism. If you believe any material has been used improperly, please contact the author directly so the matter can be promptly reviewed and addressed.

TEE Time Episode 10: Evaluating Mitral Regurgitation (MR) for Valve Surgery

In Episode 10 of TEE Time, Dr. Andreas Plackis delves into the evaluation of mitral regurgitation (MR) in the context of mitral valve surgery using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). The episode covers the critical steps and parameters for assessing the mitral valve, distinguishing between primary and secondary MR, and the implications of symptomatology in determining the need for surgical intervention. Dr. Plackis highlights the importance of clinical information, echocardiographic techniques, and guidelines from the 2020 ACC/AHA management algorithms to inform treatment pathways. Key topics include the six-step structure for assessing valvular regurgitation, Carpentier classification, and the impact of left atrial and ventricular conditions on MR severity. The episode concludes with a preview of the next topic, which will focus on evaluating mitral stenosis.

00:00 Introduction to Evaluating Mitral Regurgitation

00:42 Clinical Questions and Focus

01:47 Differentiating Primary vs. Secondary MR

03:06 Evaluating Severe Chronic Primary MR

04:15 Approach to Severe Chronic Secondary MR

05:21 Six-Step Structure for Valve Evaluation

06:58 2D Echocardiography for MR Assessment

14:43 Doppler Echocardiography Techniques

17:29 Quantitative Measures and 3D Echocardiography

19:54 Final Steps and Other Cardiac Data

21:05 Conclusion and Key Points

21:59 Outro

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #Surgery #AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #PulmCrit #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography #CICU #CVICU #ICU #ResuscitativeTEE

Native Valve Evaluation in Echocardiography: A Comprehensive Guide

In Episode 9 of TEE Time, Dr. Andreas Plackis provides an in-depth guide on evaluating native heart valves for potential surgical intervention. Emphasizing the importance of a holistic approach, he discusses the various factors influencing the decision-making process beyond echocardiographic severity. The episode details a six-step assessment framework, including clinical history, 2D and 3D echocardiographic imaging, Doppler measurements, and other relevant cardiac data. Dr. Plackis highlights the significance of contextualizing each finding within the broader clinical picture to make well-informed decisions about valvular interventions. Viewers are also encouraged to share their unique experiences and practices in the comments section to foster collective learning.

00:00 Introduction to Native Valve Evaluation

00:36 Key Factors in Valvular Intervention

02:10 Clinical Assessment of Patients

05:26 2D Echocardiographic Evaluation

07:55 Doppler Echocardiography Insights

10:26 Quantitative Measurements

11:53 3D Echocardiography Advantages

12:38 Other Echocardiographic Data

13:52 Summary and Key Takeaways

14:50 Conclusion and Next Episode Preview

EVERY HEART TELLS A STORY AND EACH PICTURE IS WORTH A THOUSAND WORDS

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #Surgery #AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #CABG #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography #CICU #CVICU #ICU #ResuscitativeTEE #ACLS

TEE Time Episode 8: Evaluating Newly Implanted Heart Valves with the SLICK System

In this episode of TEE Time, Dr. Andreas Plackis introduces the SLICK evaluation system for assessing newly implanted heart valves during cardiac surgery. The focus is on stented bioprosthetic and mechanical valves, covering key assessment points such as the sewing ring, leaflet function, insufficiency, collateral injury, and kinetics. Dr. Plackis provides detailed guidelines and visual examples to ensure a thorough yet efficient evaluation process immediately after removing the aortic cross clamp and coming off cardiopulmonary bypass. Emphasis is placed on systematic approaches and using tools like checklists to maintain focus and accuracy under high-pressure conditions.

00:00 Introduction to Episode 8: The Newly Implanted Heart Valve

00:46 Clinical Question and Focus of the Episode

01:24 Importance of Systems and Checklists

02:11 Understanding the SLICK Evaluation

04:17 S: Sewing Ring Assessment

05:10 L: Leaflet Evaluation

05:57 I: Insufficiency Check

10:14 C: Collateral Injury Examination

12:07 K: Kinetics of the Valve

14:42 Practical Tips and Conclusion

16:22 Preview of Next Episode and Closing Remarks

Keywords: SLICK valve evaluation, prosthetic valve TEE, paravalvular leak, bileaflet mechanical valve, stented bioprosthetic valve, valvular insufficiency, leaflet excursion, TEE mitral evaluation, TEE aortic valve exam, cardiopulmonary bypass weaning, valve kinetics, post-valve replacement TEE protocol, valve-related collateral injury, dimensionless index, intraoperative echo workflow.

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #Surgery #AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #CABG #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography #CICU #CVICU #ICU #ResuscitativeTEE #ACLS #SLICKValveEvaluation, #ProstheticValveTEE, #ParavalvularLeak, #BileafletMechanicalValve, #StentedBioprostheticValve, #ValvularInsufficiency, #LeafletExcursion, #TEEMitralEvaluation, #TEEAorticValve, #WeaningFromBypass, #ValveKinetics, #PostValveReplacementTEE, #CollateralInjury, #DimensionlessIndex

DISCLAIMER: This podcast provides recommendations intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as the sole basis for making medical decisions. The information reflects expert opinions rather than scientifically-verified data, and no express or implied warranties are made regarding its accuracy, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose. Listeners are encouraged to verify all information independently and consult additional reliable sources. Neither the authors, publishers, nor any parties involved assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or outcomes resulting from the use of this material. All non-original material featured in this podcast is either used with explicit permission from the copyright owner or is believed to fall under the Fair Use provisions of U.S. copyright law for purposes such as education, commentary, and criticism. If you believe any material has been used improperly, please contact the author directly so the matter can be promptly reviewed and addressed.

Episode 7: TEE for CABG Surgery -  Part 2: Valvular Disorders, Post-MI Complications, and other findings in CABG Surgery

In this episode of TEE Time, host Dr. Andreas Plackis discusses the importance of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) during coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, focusing on valvular assessment and post-myocardial infarction (MI) mechanical complications. Dr. Plackis examines moderate valvular disorders such as aortic stenosis, aortic regurgitation, and secondary mitral regurgitation, referencing the latest guidelines from the ACC/AHA and European societies. He also dives into the significance of post-MI complications like ventricular septal defects, LV free wall rupture, and papillary muscle rupture. The episode concludes with a summary of key points for performing TEE effectively during CABG and a preview of the upcoming valve series.

00:00 Introduction to TEE for CABG Surgery

01:10 Valvular Assessment During CABG

02:13 Moderate Aortic Stenosis and Regurgitation

03:09 Mitral Regurgitation: Secondary and Ischemic

05:35 Guidelines and Decision-Making for MR

10:05 Additional Valvular and Aortic Considerations

11:45 Post-MI Mechanical Complications

14:49 Conclusion and Upcoming Series

Keywords: TEE, CABG, valvular assessment, aortic stenosis, myocardial infarction, mechanical complications, cardiac surgery, LV function, heart disease, wall motion, ischemic changes, dual intervention, patient comorbidities, AVR, ACC/AHA guidelines, European guidelines

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #Surgery

#AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #CABG #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography #CICU #CVICU #ICU #ResuscitativeTEE #ACLS #myocardialinfarction

Optimal TEE Techniques for CABG Surgery - Part 1: Focus on Left Ventricular Function Assessment

In this episode of TEE Time, Dr. Andreas Plackis explores the use of Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) during Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) surgery. The focus is on assessing left ventricular (LV) function, including global and regional function, using methods like the eyeball test, Simpson's biplane method, and 3D quantification. Additionally, Dr. Plackis discusses when CABG is preferable to PCI, the importance of TEE in high-risk CABG patients, and how to detect wall motion abnormalities indicative of coronary artery issues. Stay tuned for part two, which will cover valvular assessment and post-myocardial infarction complications.

00:00 Introduction to TEE for CABG Surgery

01:18 Understanding CABG vs PCI

02:43 Importance of TEE in CABG Surgery

03:45 Assessing Global LV Function

05:11 Simpson's Biplane Method

06:42 3D Quantification of LV Function

08:38 Regional LV Function and Wall Motion Abnormalities

12:34 Practical Tips for TEE in CABG Surgery

14:29 Conclusion and Next Steps

Keywords: Wall thickening, Simpson’s Biplane, paradoxical motion, global LV function, LV function, chamber quantification, mitral annulus, low-risk CABG, left circumflex lesion, 3D echocardiographic measurements, post-MI complications, end systolic volume, CABG, TEE, moderate valvular disease, 2D echocardiography, akinesis, syntax score, transgastric view, high-risk CABG, graft failure, coronary artery disease, end diastolic volume, mid esophageal view, LAD lesion, inferoseptal wall, mechanical complications, ventricular function, intraoperative TEE, regional assessment, TEE guidelines, surgical interventions, Philips system, ASE recommendations, RCA lesion, anterior wall, thrombosis, dyskinesis, left ventricle, cardiac surgery, myocardial infarction, modified Simpson’s rule, PCI, diabetic patients, 3D quantification, bypass surgery, hypokinesis, inferolateral wall, eyeball test, wall motion abnormalities.

DISCLAIMER: This podcast provides recommendations intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as the sole basis for making medical decisions. The information reflects expert opinions rather than scientifically-verified data, and no express or implied warranties are made regarding its accuracy, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose. Listeners are encouraged to verify all information independently and consult additional reliable sources. Neither the authors, publishers, nor any parties involved assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or outcomes resulting from the use of this material. All non-original material featured in this podcast is either used with explicit permission from the copyright owner or is believed to fall under the Fair Use provisions of U.S. copyright law for purposes such as education, commentary, and criticism. If you believe any material has been used improperly, please contact the author directly so the matter can be promptly reviewed and addressed.

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #SurgeryPodcast #AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #PulmCrit #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography #CICU #CVICU #ICU #ResuscitativeTEE 

 #LVFunction #ChamberQuantification #CABG #CoronaryArteryDisease #LeftVentricle #WallMotionAbnormalities

In Episode 5 of ‘TEE Time’, a systematic approach to performing a Transesophageal Echocardiography (TEE) exam efficiently in a cardiac surgery setting is explored. The discussion focuses on the importance of quickly generating crucial clinical information, a key necessity in fast-paced surgical environments. A repeatable step-by-step system, summarized by the acronym L-R-S-A-S (look, rotate, slide, ascend, scan), is introduced to ensure a comprehensive examination of heart structures. The method prioritizes evaluating left-sided heart structures first, followed by the right side, the stomach, the aorta, and special findings such as the interatrial septum, pulmonary veins, and left atrial appendage. The episode also provides practical tips on maintaining speed without compromising accuracy and addresses the limitations of certain assessment techniques, such as diastolic function evaluation. Emphasizing the value of a structured approach, the discussion concludes with a preview of the next episode, which will cover TEE exams for coronary artery bypass surgery.

00:00 Introduction to Efficient TEE Exams

00:43 Setting the Stage: Clinical Questions and Previous Episodes

01:08 Goals and Systematic Approach for TEE

02:16 Introducing the L-R-S-A-S Acronym

02:57 Detailed Examination of Left-Sided Heart Structures

05:02 Evaluating the Right Heart

06:41 Transgastric Views and Aortic Examination

07:51 Special Findings and Final Steps

11:54 Review and Final Thoughts

12:53 Conclusion and Next Episode Preview

DISCLAIMER: This podcast provides recommendations intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as the sole basis for making medical decisions. The information reflects expert opinions rather than scientifically-verified data, and no express or implied warranties are made regarding its accuracy, completeness, or fitness for any particular purpose. Listeners are encouraged to verify all information independently and consult additional reliable sources. Neither the authors, publishers, nor any parties involved assume responsibility for any errors, omissions, or outcomes resulting from the use of this material. All non-original material featured in this podcast is either used with explicit permission from the copyright owner or is believed to fall under the Fair Use provisions of U.S. copyright law for purposes such as education, commentary, and criticism. If you believe any material has been used improperly, please contact the author directly so the matter can be promptly reviewed and addressed.

#TEE #Echocardiography #Anesthesia #Cardiology #CriticalCare #EmergencyMedicine #Sonographer #CardiacSurgery #FOAMed #POCUS #Ultrasound #Anesthesiology #Perioperative #CardiacAnesthesia #AnesthesiaPodcast #Anesthesiology #Echo #SurgeryPodcast #AdvancedTEE #PerioperativeTEE #TTE #Sonography #PulmCrit #TEETime #TransesophagealEchocardiography #CICU #CVICU #ICU #Valve #CABG #LVAD #ECMO #CPB #Transplant #StructuralHeart #CardiopulmonaryBypass