Mishnah –

Unwitting pays as atonement

Intentional doesn’t pay because he’s a thief and hames has no

value

Pay value or volume?

Proof for volume

Proof for volume from our Mishnah

Tannaitic dispute

R. Akiva (3) & R. Eliezer b. Yaakov (4) – value

R. Yohanan b. Nuri – volume

Minimum amounts

Tanna Kamma – olive size

Abba Shaul – perutah

perutah AND/OR olive size?

Peashim 31 – Collateral Hames

Mishnah – collected collateral is as if owned by the lender

Abaye – retroactive from loan

Rava – from collection

a. Clarification: only applies to lender’s interim sale

b. Challenge to Rava from inheritance case

c. Challenge to Rava from our Mishnah

d. Tannaitic Parallel Dispute?

e. Another challenge from our Mishnah

f. Tosefta – follow the owner

Mishnah – Hames under a rockslide

A. Rava’s decision following R. Shimon

B. Pots that absorbed Hames

Ovens greased with meat

C. Koshering utensils:

1. Knives

2. Wooden ladles

3. Glazed earthenware

4. Kneading bowls

Pesahim 28 – When is Hames Prohibited?

A. Sources for burning hames acc to R. Yehudah

B. Do you need to crumble bread before throwing into the sea?

C. Sources for when Hames is prohibited.

דברים טז,ב  לֹא־תֹאכַ֤ל עָלָיו֙ חָמֵ֔ץ שִׁבְעַ֥ת יָמִ֛ים תֹּֽאכַל־עָלָ֥יו מַצּ֖וֹת לֶ֣חֶם עֹ֑נִי כִּ֣י בְחִפָּז֗וֹן יָצָ֙אתָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם לְמַ֣עַן תִּזְכֹּר֔ אֶת־י֤וֹם צֵֽאתְךָ֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרַ֔יִם כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃

You shall not eat anything leavened with it; for seven days thereafter you shall eat unleavened bread, bread of distress—for you departed from the land of Egypt hurriedly—so that you may remember the day of your departure from the land of Egypt as long as you live.

ש שמות  יב, כ, כ כָּל־מַחְמֶ֖צֶת לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֑לוּ בְּכֹל֙ מוֹשְׁבֹ֣תֵיכֶ֔ם תֹּאכְל֖וּ מַצּֽוֹת׃

You shall eat nothing leavened; in all your settlements you shall eat unleavened bread.

שמות יג,ג  וַיֹּ֨אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֜ה אֶל־הָעָ֗ם זָכ֞וֹר אֶת־הַיּ֤וֹם הַזֶּה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יְצָאתֶ֤ם מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ מִבֵּ֣ית עֲבָדִ֔ים כִּ֚י בְּחֹ֣זֶק יָ֔ד הוֹצִ֧יא יְהֹוָ֛ה אֶתְכֶ֖ם מִזֶּ֑ה וְלֹ֥א יֵאָכֵ֖ל חָמֵֽץ׃

And Moses said to the people, “Remember this day, on which you went free from Egypt, the house of bondage, how the LORD freed you from it with a mighty hand: no leavened bread shall be eaten.

Pesahim 27

Baraita – bread baked with orlah fuel

Rabbi –prohibits bread

Sages –permit bread

Who says a new oven heated by orlah fuel must be broken?

Rabbi – benefit from wood is in the bread/oven

But must also assume “prohibited + permitted = prohibited”

R. Eliezer

Terumah + non-sacred leaven = prohibited

Oven heated by Asherah

Status of a pot made in an oven heated by prohibited fuel

Shmuel’s version of the Baraira reversed

Dim coals, glowing coals, fire

Further questions

Oven fueled with Hekdesh

Meilah undoes sacred status

Shelamim – Meilah does not apply

Pesahim 26

Unavoidable but Intentional

Abaye – permitted

Rava – prohibited

1) Proof for Abaye – Ribaz in the Temple

2) Proof for Rava – artisans in the Temple

Is smell a prohibited benefit? yes

Is benefit prohibited after misvah is done?

Only for ashes and broken calf

3) Proof for Rava from calf

4) Proof for Rava from lost cloth

5) Proof for Rava from wool and linen seller

Refutation of Rava 1

Mishnah – hames for fuel

Baraita 1

Rabbi – break a new oven, prohibits food

Sages – cool down a new oven, permit food

Baraita 2

Pesahim 25

A. Unusual Benefit

Abaye - Mixed Seeds even unusual benefit is prohibited

לֹא־תִזְרַ֥ע כַּרְמְךָ֖ כִּלְאָ֑יִם פֶּן־תִּקְדַּ֗שׁ הַֽמְלֵאָ֤ה הַזֶּ֙רַע֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר תִּזְרָ֔ע וּתְבוּאַ֖ת הַכָּֽרֶם׃ (ס)

You shall not sow your vineyard with a second kind of seed, else the crop—from the seed you have sown—and the yield of the vineyard may not be used.

Challenge from Meat and Milk

דברים יד, כא לֹ֣א תֹאכְל֣וּ כָל־נְ֠בֵלָה לַגֵּ֨ר אֲשֶׁר־בִּשְׁעָרֶ֜יךָ תִּתְּנֶ֣נָּה וַאֲכָלָ֗הּ א֤וֹ מָכֹר֙ לְנָכְרִ֔י כִּ֣י עַ֤ם קָדוֹשׁ֙ אַתָּ֔ה לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ לֹֽא־תְבַשֵּׁ֥ל גְּדִ֖י בַּחֲלֵ֥ב אִמּֽוֹ׃

Deut 14:21 - You shall not eat anything that has died a natural death; give it to the stranger in your community to eat, or you may sell it to a foreigner. For you are a people consecrated to the LORD your God. You shall not boil a kid in its mother’s milk.

שמות כב, ל  וְאַנְשֵׁי־קֹ֖דֶשׁ תִּהְי֣וּן לִ֑י וּבָשָׂ֨ר בַּשָּׂדֶ֤ה טְרֵפָה֙ לֹ֣א תֹאכֵ֔לוּ לַכֶּ֖לֶב תַּשְׁלִכ֥וּן אֹתֽוֹ:

Orlah

Hames

Mixed Seeds

1. Baraita does not say that mixed seeds prohibited with

unusual benefit

Abaye – Meat and milk also prohibited in unusual

benefit

2. Mixed seeds never had a permitted period (growth)

They did have a permitted period (seeding)

Both are correct

B. Benefit from Idolatry, Forbidden Relations, and Murder

C. Abaye vs Rava – Deriving Benefit when no choice or unintended

Pesahim 24 – Four More Sources for Prohibiting Benefit

A. Rabbi Yehoshua ben Levi – inedible sin-offering

ויקרא ו, כג וְכָל־חַטָּ֡את אֲשֶׁר֩ יוּבָ֨א מִדָּמָ֜הּ אֶל־אֹ֧הֶל מוֹעֵ֛ד לְכַפֵּ֥ר בַּקֹּ֖דֶשׁ לֹ֣א תֵאָכֵ֑ל בָּאֵ֖שׁ תִּשָּׂרֵֽף׃ (פ)

But no sin offering may be eaten from which any blood is brought into the Tent of Meeting for expiation in the sanctuary; any such shall be consumed in fire.

ויקרא י, יד וְאֵ֣ת ׀ שְׂעִ֣יר הַֽחַטָּ֗את דָּרֹ֥שׁ דָּרַ֛שׁ מֹשֶׁ֖ה וְהִנֵּ֣ה שֹׂרָ֑ף וַ֠יִּקְצֹף עַל־אֶלְעָזָ֤ר וְעַל־אִֽיתָמָר֙ בְּנֵ֣י אַהֲרֹ֔ן הַנּוֹתָרִ֖ם לֵאמֹֽר׃

Then Moses inquired about the goat of sin offering, and it had already been burned! He was angry with Eleazar and Ithamar, Aaron’s remaining sons, and said,

מַדּ֗וּעַ לֹֽא־אֲכַלְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־הַֽחַטָּאת֙ בִּמְק֣וֹם הַקֹּ֔דֶשׁ כִּ֛י קֹ֥דֶשׁ קָֽדָשִׁ֖ים הִ֑וא וְאֹתָ֣הּ ׀ נָתַ֣ן לָכֶ֗ם לָשֵׂאת֙ אֶת־עֲוֺ֣ן הָעֵדָ֔ה לְכַפֵּ֥ר עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם לִפְנֵ֥י יְהוָֽה׃

“Why did you not eat the sin offering in the sacred area? For it is most holy, and He has given it to you to remove the guilt of the community and to make expiation for them before the LORD.

הֵ֚ן לֹא־הוּבָ֣א אֶת־דָּמָ֔הּ אֶל־הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ פְּנִ֑ימָה אָכ֨וֹל תֹּאכְל֥וּ אֹתָ֛הּ בַּקֹּ֖דֶשׁ כַּאֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוֵּֽיתִי׃

Since its blood was not brought inside the sanctuary, you should certainly have eaten it in the sanctuary, as I commanded.”

B. Rabbi Yonatan – leftover meat

שמות כט, לד וְֽאִם־יִוָּתֵ֞ר מִבְּשַׂ֧ר הַמִּלֻּאִ֛ים וּמִן־הַלֶּ֖חֶם עַד־הַבֹּ֑קֶר וְשָׂרַפְתָּ֤ אֶת־הַנּוֹתָר֙ בָּאֵ֔שׁ לֹ֥א יֵאָכֵ֖לכִּי־קֹ֥דֶשׁ הֽוּא׃

And if any of the flesh of ordination, or any of the bread, is left until morning, you shall put what is left to the fire; it shall not be eaten, for it is holy.

C. Abaye – A again

From “do not eat” in Vayikra 6:23

But that could just add punishable prohibition against eating

D. Rav Papa – impure meat

ויקרא ז, יט וְהַבָּשָׂ֞ר אֲשֶׁר־יִגַּ֤ע בְּכָל־טָמֵא֙ לֹ֣א יֵֽאָכֵ֔ל בָּאֵ֖שׁ יִשָּׂרֵ֑ףוְהַ֨בָּשָׂ֔ר כָּל־טָה֖וֹר יֹאכַ֥ל בָּשָֽׂר׃

Flesh that touches anything unclean shall not be eaten; it shall be consumed in fire. As for other flesh, only he who is clean may eat such flesh.

Unusual Benefit

Pesahim 22 – 23

Hizkiah – active “eat” = eat; passive “be eaten” = benefit

R. Abhu – all verbs = benefit

Nevelah – R. Meir give/sell to either resident/foreigner

(R. Yehudah give-resident or sell-stranger)

Terefah – R. Yehudah - unconsecrated is ok

(R. Meir – unconsecrated in Temple prohibited benefit)

1) Hames – passive, PROHIITED

2) Unconsecrated Animal in the Temple – prohibited

Except acc to R. Abhu acc. to R. Yehudah

3) Gid haNasheh – active, part of Nevelah

or prohibited (R. Shimon)

4) Blood – active, like water

5) Limb from a live animal – active, like blood

6) Killer ox – passive, PROHIBITED

7) Orlah – passive, PROHIBITED (“araltem” counters “yours”)

8) Terumah – active, “yours”

9) Nazir – active, “his”

10) New Grain - active, “yours”

11) Creeping Creatures -  passive, “yours”

12) Hames for R. Yose ha-Galili – passive, “yours”

Tannaitic Parallel?

וְחֵ֤לֶב נְבֵלָה֙ וְחֵ֣לֶב טְרֵפָ֔ה  יֵעָשֶׂ֖ה לְכָל־מְלָאכָ֑ה  וְאָכֹ֖ל לֹ֥א תֹאכְלֻֽהוּ׃

Fat from animals that died or were torn by beasts may be put to any use,  but you must not eat it.

Rabbi Yose ha-Galili – use even outside Temple

Rabbi Akiva – tahor even inside Temple