A FICO score is a specific type of credit score created by the Fair Isaac Corporation, used by lenders to gauge creditworthiness. All FICO scores are credit scores, but not all credit scores are FICO scores. FICO scores range from 300 to 850, with different versions like FICO 8 being the most common. VantageScore is another type of credit score gaining popularity. FICO scores are calculated based on payment history, credit utilization, credit age, credit mix, and inquiries. Regularly checking your credit score is crucial to maintain good credit health.