Today, we use the word "crusade" to mean different things. Historically, it typically referred to armed ventures - especially to those that took place in the Middle East between the 11th and 13th centuries. But were they really limited to that time period? And how many crusades were there? The answers might surprise you. Join Emma, Mina, Grace, Christian and Lucas as they discuss this important subject and the fascinating answers provided by Alfred J. Andrea, Professor Emeritus of the University of Vermont, past president of The World History Association, and prolific author.

Show Notes:

It was not until the early twentieth century that historians settled on assigning fixed numbers to the first five “really big ones” to the eastern Mediterranean: the First (1096-1099), the Second (1147-49), the Third (1188-92), the Fourth (1202-04), and the Fifth (1217-21).

Episode 11 about Augustine of Hippo: https://kidstalkchurchhistory.podbean.com/e/augustine-of-hippo-do-we-need-grace/