In this episode from The FAST Archives, we explore the powerful talk, "A Difficult Pill to Swallow: 3 Unforgivable Sins in Medicine." As pressures mount to keep emergency services running smoothly, many first responders are driven to work extra shifts and put their community's needs ahead of their own. But what happens when this "rescuer" mentality seeps into our personal lives?

Kris and Sara Kaull share personal stories and discuss why it's so hard to let go of the high-intensity mindset when we're not on duty. They challenge us to think about the impact this can have on our relationships and overall well-being. As they peel back the layers, they offer insights into building meaningful connections and prioritizing self-care.

Tune in to find out why maintaining balance is crucial for a healthy and fulfilling life. This episode provides a fresh perspective on stepping back from work, embracing a more balanced lifestyle, and rediscovering the things that matter most.

In this episode of The FAST Archives miniseries, we're replaying Geoff Murphy's talk from a previous FAST event, "Paramedics: The Master Multitasker... Right?" In this captivating talk, Geoff, from Master Your Medics, delves into the challenge paramedics (as well as nurses, physicians, and other medical professionals) face in multitasking, especially when they're often the most experienced provider.

How well do we juggle life-saving skills while making critical decisions? And is multitasking always in the best interest of our patients? Through a personal story and insightful research, Geoff challenges our assumptions and invites us to consider the potential risks and rewards of multitasking in pre-hospital, critical care, and emergency medicine.

If you're interested in learning more about Geoff Murphy and Master Your Medics, visit https://www.masteryourmedics.com, and if you're interested in joining us at FAST24 for more talks like this, visit https://flightbridgeed.com/fast24. Thanks for listening, and we hope you enjoy this episode!

Catch our latest episode with Brian Behn sharing his talk from a previous FAST event entitled, 'The Folk Science of Sepsis.' Brian explores and exposes possible gaps in the understanding of sepsis by EMS and critical care transport providers because of poor/incomplete education about it. He offers essential insights and practical advice to enhance our understanding and management of this deadly condition. Tune in to transform your approach to sepsis treatment and join us at FAST24 in Wilmington, June 10th-12th, for more talks like this one!

Welcome to the second episode of the FAST Archives mini-series! In this episode, we dive into a crucial conversation with Ginger Locke titled "Finding Feedback," where she examines the culture of feedback in EMS and Critical Care Transport. Unlike other professions, feedback in EMS usually comes only after extraordinary events. Ginger proposes a shift towards a continuous feedback loop that fosters growth and learning from every call/situation, not just the emergencies. This talk is a must-listen for anyone in EMS looking to build a more supportive and effective work environment. Join us as we explore practical steps to make feedback a regular part of our daily practice, enhancing personal and team performance.

Please subscribe to The FlightBridgeED Podcast anywhere you listen to podcasts, and don't forget to pass on the knowledge! Share the podcast with friends and co-workers. We couldn't make this podcast without you! Thank you so much for listening! Enjoy the episode.

** Special thanks to Mark Mennie, our wonderful and talented photographer at FAST for the last couple of years!

SHOW NOTES
More information about Finding Feedback at the Medic Mindset website:
https://medicmindset.com/2022/02/08/finding-feedback-uwash-great-rounds-notes/

Welcome to the FlightBridgeED Podcast! We're kicking off this special mini-series, "The FAST Archives," replaying some of our favorite talks from past FAST conferences. These moments made us laugh, think twice, and gave us the tools to be better providers.

First up:  Pediatric patients on ventilators... it's a high-stakes game where small changes mean everything. In this essential talk, "Silent Killers in Pediatric Mechanical Ventilation", our very own Eric Bauer takes center stage breaking down the pitfalls to avoid and the strategies that will level up your vent skills for the littlest patients.

Please subscribe to The FlightBridgeED Podcast anywhere you listen to podcasts, and don't forget to pass on the knowledge! Share the podcast with friends and co-workers. We couldn't make this podcast without you! Thank you so much for listening! Enjoy the episode.

** Special thanks to Mark Mennie, our wonderful and talented photographer at FAST for the last couple of years!

In this gripping episode of "Mind Over Medicine," we dive deep into the critical, often unseen world of cognitive bias in emergency medicine. With the clock ticking and lives in the balance, emergency room professionals make split-second decisions that can mean the difference between life and death. But what happens when the human mind's inherent biases seep into these critical judgments? Join Ashley as she explores the various forms of cognitive bias - from anchoring bias to confirmation bias - that challenge medical professionals in high-stakes environments. "Mind Over Medicine: Navigating Cognitive Bias in Emergency Medicine" is a must-listen for anyone wanting to refine their decision-making processes and examine the complexities of human cognition under pressure. Tune in to uncover the unseen challenges of emergency medicine and the strides being made toward safer, more effective patient care. Please like and review on your current podcast app, including Spotify, Google Play, iTunes, PodBean, and many more. We appreciate your support over the past 12 years! 

Mechanical Ventilation and ARDS – Podcast Summary and References

This is the sixth of a special podcast series on obstetric critical care.  I am joined on this series by Dr. Elizabeth Garchar, MD, FACOG.  She is an OB/GYN and Maternal Fetal Medicine (MFM) specialist who has a particular interest in obstetric critical care.  She is also unique in that she flies regularly with our critical care transport teams as a retrieval OBGYN/MFM and is one of our Assistant Medical Directors for the flight program. 

The topic of this podcast is Mechanical Ventilation and ARDS in pregnancy.  Although respiratory distress requiring intubation and ARDS in pregnancy is not very common, it is more common than some of the other pathologies we have discussed recently.  Mechanical ventilation of the pregnant patient can be intimidating, but rest assured that if you have the capabilities to manage other patients on a vent, you can manage the pregnant patient.  Generally speaking solid outcomes data is sparse and, generally speaking, most guidelines recommend vent management of mechanical ventilation in patients with or without ARDS similarly to non-pregnant patients…with a few exceptions.  This podcast reviews the basics of ARDS and evidence-based management.  It reviews some specific features of obstetric physiology and fetal gas exchange that are important to keep in mind.  Finally, we will review what guidance is available and review general recommendations for managing these patients in transport.

For additional learning and a more in-depth review of the evidence check out this talk on gas exchange and mechanical ventilation in critically ill patients by Dr. Allison Lankford (part of the amazing Maryland CC Project lecture series): http://maryland.ccproject.com/2023/05/30/lankford-gas-exchange-and-pulmonary-ventilation-in-the-critically-ill-obstetric-patient/

References

1. Abou-Arab O, Huette P, Debouvries F, Dupont H, Jounieaux V, Mahjoub Y. Inhaled nitric oxide for critically ill Covid-19 patients: a prospective study. Crit Care. Nov 12 2020;24(1):645. doi:10.1186/s13054-020-03371-x
2. Barrantes JH, Ortoleva J, O'Neil ER, et al. Successful Treatment of Pregnant and Postpartum Women With Severe COVID-19 Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome With Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation. Asaio j. Feb 1 2021;67(2):132-136. doi:10.1097/mat.0000000000001357
3. Bhatia PK, Biyani G, Mohammed S, Sethi P, Bihani P. Acute respiratory failure and mechanical ventilation in pregnant patient: A narrative review of literature. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. Oct-Dec 2016;32(4):431-439. doi:10.4103/0970-9185.194779
4. Boelig RC, Saccone G, Bellussi F, Berghella V. MFM guidance for COVID-19. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM. May 2020;2(2):100106. doi:10.1016/j.ajogmf.2020.100106
5. Campbell LA, Klocke RA. Implications for the pregnant patient. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. Apr 2001;163(5):1051-4. doi:10.1164/ajrccm.163.5.16353
6. Carter AM. Factors affecting gas transfer across the placenta and the oxygen supply to the fetus. J Dev Physiol. Dec 1989;12(6):305-22. 
7. Carter AM. Placental Gas Exchange and the Oxygen Supply to the Fetus. Compr Physiol. Jul 1 2015;5(3):1381-403. doi:10.1002/cphy.c140073
8. Cavalcante FML, Fernandes CDS, Rocha LDS, Galindo-Neto NM, Caetano J, Barros LM. Use of the prone position in pregnant women with COVID-19 or other health conditions. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem. 2021;29:e3494. doi:10.1590/1518-8345.5181.3494
9. Cojocaru L, Turan OM, Levine A, et al. Proning modus operandi in pregnancies complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome secondary to COVID-19. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. Dec 2022;35(25):9043-9052. doi:10.1080/14767058.2021.2013464
10. Cole DE, Taylor TL, McCullough DM, Shoff CT, Derdak S. Acute respiratory distress syndrome in pregnancy. Crit Care Med. Oct 2005;33(10 Suppl):S269-78. doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000182478.14181.da
11. D'Souza R, Ashraf R, Rowe H, et al. Pregnancy and COVID-19: pharmacologic considerations. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. Feb 2021;57(2):195-203. doi:10.1002/uog.23116
12. Danish MA. Mechanical Ventilation in Critically Ill Obstetric Patient. Principles of Critical Care in Obstetrics. 2016:133-141:chap Chapter 14.
13. Delyoa-Tomas E M-LT, Lopez-Fermin J, Perez-Nieto OR, et al. Consideration for Mechanical Ventilation in the Critically Ill Obstetric Patient. Crit Care Obst Gyne. 2020;6(10):1-8. 
14. Douglass KM, Strobel KM, Richley M, et al. Maternal-Neonatal Dyad Outcomes of Maternal COVID-19 Requiring Extracorporeal Membrane Support: A Case Series. Am J Perinatol. Jan 2021;38(1):82-87. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1718694
15. Ende H, Varelmann D. Respiratory Considerations Including Airway and Ventilation Issues in Critical Care Obstetric Patients. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. Dec 2016;43(4):699-708. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2016.07.002
16. Gattinoni L, Camporota L, Marini JJ. Prone Position and COVID-19: Mechanisms and Effects. Crit Care Med. May 1 2022;50(5):873-875. doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000005486
17. Grasselli G, Calfee CS, Camporota L, et al. ESICM guidelines on acute respiratory distress syndrome: definition, phenotyping and respiratory support strategies. Intensive Care Med. Jul 2023;49(7):727-759. doi:10.1007/s00134-023-07050-7
18. Griffiths MJ, Evans TW. Inhaled nitric oxide therapy in adults. N Engl J Med. Dec 22 2005;353(25):2683-95. doi:10.1056/NEJMra051884
19. Guérin C, Reignier J, Richard JC, et al. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. Jun 6 2013;368(23):2159-68. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1214103
20. Huang C-Y, Tsai Y-L, Lin C-K. The prone position ventilation (PPV) as an approach in pregnancy with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2021/05/01/ 2021;60(3):574-576. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tjog.2021.03.036
21. Khalil M, Butt A, Kseibi E, Althenayan E, Alhazza M, Sallam H. COVID-19-Related Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome in a Pregnant Woman Supported on ECMO: The Juxtaposition of Bleeding in a Hypercoagulable State. Membranes (Basel). Jul 17 2021;11(7)doi:10.3390/membranes11070544
22. Kodali BS, Wong MJ, Lankford A, Lee K, Bharadwaj S. Effect of Fetal Delivery on Pao2/Fio2 Ratio During Mechanical Ventilation in Parturients With COVID-19: A Case Series. A A Pract. Jul 1 2022;16(7):e01587. doi:10.1213/xaa.0000000000001587
23. Lam GK, Stafford RE, Thorp J, Moise KJ, Jr., Cairns BA. Inhaled nitric oxide for primary pulmonary hypertension in pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol. Nov 2001;98(5 Pt 2):895-8. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(01)01549-6
24. Lapinsky SE. Acute respiratory failure in pregnancy. Obstet Med. Sep 2015;8(3):126-32. doi:10.1177/1753495X15589223
25. Lapinsky SE, Posadas-Calleja JG, McCullagh I. Clinical review: Ventilatory strategies for obstetric, brain-injured and obese patients. Crit Care. 2009;13(2):206. doi:10.1186/cc7146
26. Lapinsky SE, Viau-Lapointe J. Mechanical Ventilation and Delivery During Pregnancy. Chest. Mar 2023;163(3):473-474. doi:10.1016/j.chest.2022.10.025
27. Lim MJ, Lakshminrusimha S, Hedriana H, Albertson T. Pregnancy and Severe ARDS with COVID-19: Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Outcomes and Treatment. Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. 2023;28(1)doi:10.1016/j.siny.2023.101426
28. Linassi F, Campagnolo M, Busato E, Ortolani V, Peta M. Prolonged prone position in pregnant woman with COVID-19 pneumonia. Journal of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Critical Care. 2022/04/12 2022;2(1):16. doi:10.1186/s44158-022-00044-9
29. Lucarelli E, Behn C, Lashley S, Smok D, Benito C, Oyelese Y. Mechanical Ventilation in Pregnancy Due to COVID-19: A Cohort of Three Cases. Am J Perinatol. Aug 2020;37(10):1066-1069. doi:10.1055/s-0040-1713664
30. Magala Ssekandi A, Sserwanja Q, Olal E, Kawuki J, Bashir Adam M. Corticosteroids Use in Pregnant Wom...

In this episode, we uncover the enigmatic world of refractory shock in prehospital trauma patients. Shock, often recognized as a critical condition, becomes even more complex when it resists conventional treatment. Join Eric as he discusses resuscitation in vasoplegic patients refractory to fluids and blood products. Tune in to "Hidden Harms" and embark on a journey to unveil the complexities of refractory shock in prehospital trauma patients. Please like and review on your current podcast app, including Spotify, Google Play, iTunes, PodBean, and many more. We appreciate your support over the past 12 years! 

In this episode, we delve into the complexities surrounding a challenging COPD patient scenario, focusing on treatment considerations and the broader scope of mechanical ventilation management. We underscore essential lessons gleaned from this case, emphasizing the significance of adopting an obstructive approach, the nuanced application of I:E ratio, and the comprehensive management strategies for hypercapnic patients. Join us as we navigate through this intricate medical terrain, shedding light on effective approaches and valuable insights crucial for optimizing patient care in similar scenarios. Please like and review on your current podcast app, including Spotify, Google Play, iTunes, PodBean, and many more. We appreciate your support over the past 12 years! 

This is the fifth of a special podcast series on obstetric critical care.  I am joined on this series by Dr. Elizabeth Garchar, MD, FACOG.  She is an OB/GYN and Maternal Fetal Medicine (MFM) specialist who has a particular interest in obstetric critical care.  She is also unique in that she flies regularly with our critical care transport teams as a retrieval OBGYN/MFM and acts as one of our Assistant Medical Directors for the flight program.

The topic of this podcast is Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE).  Another rare, but devastating disease that can often progress rapidly to cardiac arrest.  In this podcast, we go through the epidemiology and definition/diagnosis of the disease.  We also go into depth on underlying pathophysiology and the current hypotheses on what causes AFE.  Spoiler alert: it’s not as simple as an embolism of amniotic fluid.   Then we review the management, specifically focusing on the management of acute right heart failure in the setting of abrupt and pronounced pulmonary hypertension. Finally, Dr. Garchar and I deliver some spaced repetition and go over the management of maternal cardiac arrest, in the likely event that AFE progresses to that point.

References

1. Abenhaim HA, Azoulay L, Kramer MS, Leduc L. Incidence and risk factors of amniotic fluid embolisms: a population-based study on 3 million births in the United States. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jul 2008;199(1):49 e1-8. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2007.11.061

2. Aissi James S, Klein T, Lebreton G, et al. Amniotic fluid embolism rescued by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Crit Care. Apr 7 2022;26(1):96. doi:10.1186/s13054-022-03969-3

3. Clark SL, Montz FJ, Phelan JP. Hemodynamic alterations associated with amniotic fluid embolism: a reappraisal. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Mar 1 1985;151(5):617-21. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(85)90150-4

4. Clark SL, Romero R, Dildy GA, et al. Proposed diagnostic criteria for the case definition of amniotic fluid embolism in research studies. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Oct 2016;215(4):408-12. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.06.037

5. Conde-Agudelo A, Romero R. Amniotic fluid embolism: an evidence-based review. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Nov 2009;201(5):445 e1-13. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2009.04.052

6. Creel-Bulos C, Hassani B, Stentz MJ, et al. Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Amniotic Fluid Embolism-Induced Cardiac Arrest in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Report. Crit Care Explor. Jul 2020;2(7):e0162. doi:10.1097/CCE.0000000000000162

7. Crissman HP, Loder C, Pancaro C, Bell J. Case report of amniotic fluid embolism coagulopathy following abortion; use of viscoelastic point-of-care analysis. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Jan 3 2020;20(1):9. doi:10.1186/s12884-019-2680-1

8. Durgam S, Sharma M, Dadhwal R, Vakil A, Surani S. The Role of Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation in Amniotic Fluid Embolism: A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus. Feb 26 2021;13(2):e13566. doi:10.7759/cureus.13566

9. Foley MR ST, Garite TJ. Obstetric Intensive Care Manual. 5th ed. McGraw-Hill Education; 2014.

10. Huybrechts W, Jorens PG, Jacquemyn Y, Colpaert C, Vrints C, Conraads V. Amniotic fluid embolism: a rare cause of acute left-sided heart failure. Acta Cardiol. Dec 2006;61(6):643-9. doi:10.2143/AC.61.6.2017964

11. James CF, Feinglass NG, Menke DM, Grinton SF, Papadimos TJ. Massive amniotic fluid embolism: diagnosis aided by emergency transesophageal echocardiography. Int J Obstet Anesth. Oct 2004;13(4):279-83. doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2004.03.008

12. Lao TT. Acute respiratory distress and amniotic fluid embolism in pregnancy. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. Dec 2022;85(Pt A):83-95. doi:10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2022.06.004

13. Lockwood CJ, Bach R, Guha A, Zhou XD, Miller WA, Nemerson Y. Amniotic fluid contains tissue factor, a potent initiator of coagulation. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Nov 1991;165(5 Pt 1):1335-41. doi:10.1016/0002-9378(91)90363-v

14. McDonnell NJ, Chan BO, Frengley RW. Rapid reversal of critical haemodynamic compromise with nitric oxide in a parturient with amniotic fluid embolism. Int J Obstet Anesth. Jul 2007;16(3):269-73. doi:10.1016/j.ijoa.2006.10.008

15. Moore J, Baldisseri MR. Amniotic fluid embolism. Crit Care Med. Oct 2005;33(10 Suppl):S279-85. doi:10.1097/01.ccm.0000183158.71311.28

16. Pacheco LD, Clark SL, Klassen M, Hankins GDV. Amniotic fluid embolism: principles of early clinical management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Jan 2020;222(1):48-52. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2019.07.036

17. Pacheco LD, Saade GR, Costantine MM, Clark SL, Hankins GD. An update on the use of massive transfusion protocols in obstetrics. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Mar 2016;214(3):340-4. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2015.08.068

18. Shamshirsaz AA, Clark SL. Amniotic Fluid Embolism. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. Dec 2016;43(4):779-790. doi:10.1016/j.ogc.2016.07.001

19. Shechtman M, Ziser A, Markovits R, Rozenberg B. Amniotic fluid embolism: early findings of transesophageal echocardiography. Anesth Analg. Dec 1999;89(6):1456-8. doi:10.1097/00000539-199912000-00025

20. Simard C, Yang S, Koolian M, Shear R, Rudski L, Lipes J. The role of echocardiography in amniotic fluid embolism: a case series and review of the literature. Can J Anaesth. Oct 2021;68(10):1541-1548. Le role de l'echocardiographie dans l'embolie de liquide amniotique : une serie de cas et une revue de la litterature. doi:10.1007/s12630-021-02065-4

21. Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine . Electronic address pso, Pacheco LD, Saade G, Hankins GD, Clark SL. Amniotic fluid embolism: diagnosis and management. Am J Obstet Gynecol. Aug 2016;215(2):B16-24. doi:10.1016/j.ajog.2016.03.012

22. Stanten RD, Iverson LI, Daugharty TM, Lovett SM, Terry C, Blumenstock E. Amniotic fluid embolism causing catastrophic pulmonary vasoconstriction: diagnosis by transesophageal echocardiogram and treatment by cardiopulmonary bypass. Obstet Gynecol. Sep 2003;102(3):496-8. doi:10.1016/s0029-7844(03)00161-3

23. Sultan P, Seligman K, Carvalho B. Amniotic fluid embolism: update and review. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol. Jun 2016;29(3):288-96. doi:10.1097/ACO.0000000000000328

24. Wu HD, Song ZK, Cao HY, et al. Successful treatment of amniotic fluid embolism complicated by disseminated intravascular coagulation with rivaroxaban: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore). Jan 2020;99(4):e18951. doi:10.1097/md.0000000000018951