Bone changes with injury and time dating injuries with imaging.

The numerical simulation of osteophyte formation on the edge of the vertebral body using quantitative bone remodeling theory by Gone He and Zhu (Zjoo) xinghau (zingwha) in the spine Journal 2006.   

Effects Induced by Osteophytes on the Strain Distribution in the Vertebral Body Under Different Loading Configurations published 2021 in the frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology by Daniele Marras et al. 

Today's episode covers subjective evidence and it's role in new vs. old disc damage.  Article is Imaging the intervertebral disk age-related changes, herniations and radicular pain from the Journal of Radiology Clinical Neurology published in 2014 by Filippo del Grande MD et al.

How to use an MRI to help with causation and time dating an injury.  Article from Mark Buller MD "MRI Degenerative Disease of the Lumbar Spine: a Review".

How ligaments control muscles to stabilize a joint.

Discussion about AOMSI from the Study Biomechanical Analysis of Clinical Stability in the Cervical Spine.  

A forensic look into ligament structure, causation of injuries, attempted healing of ligaments, permanency of injuries, management options.