Do discs have the ability to feel pain?  Should discs be able to feel pain?

Nerve supply of the lumbar intervertebral disc published by M.A. Edgar in the Journal of Bone and Joint surgery 2007.  

Nerves are more abundant than blood vessels in the degenerate human intervertebral disc published by Abbie L. A. Binch et al in the Arthritis Research and therapy journal in 2015.

International Journal of Molecular Science titled “Edema after CNS trauma: a Focus on Spinal Cord Injury” published by Mostafa Seblani et al.  

Journal of Whiplash & Related Disorders 2006 by Anthony D’Antoni and Arthur Croft.

Studies referenced in podcast: The diagnostic value of an x-ray based scoring system for degeneration of the cervical spine: a reproducibility and validation study.  This study was published in the Pain practice journal in 2021 by Maarten vaneerd et al.

The role of radiography in the study of spinal disorders published by Fernando Santiago et al in the quantitative imaging and medicine and surgery journal published in 2020. 

Bone changes with injury and time dating injuries with imaging.

The numerical simulation of osteophyte formation on the edge of the vertebral body using quantitative bone remodeling theory by Gone He and Zhu (Zjoo) xinghau (zingwha) in the spine Journal 2006.   

Effects Induced by Osteophytes on the Strain Distribution in the Vertebral Body Under Different Loading Configurations published 2021 in the frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology by Daniele Marras et al. 

Today's episode covers subjective evidence and it's role in new vs. old disc damage.  Article is Imaging the intervertebral disk age-related changes, herniations and radicular pain from the Journal of Radiology Clinical Neurology published in 2014 by Filippo del Grande MD et al.

How to use an MRI to help with causation and time dating an injury.  Article from Mark Buller MD "MRI Degenerative Disease of the Lumbar Spine: a Review".

How ligaments control muscles to stabilize a joint.

Discussion about AOMSI from the Study Biomechanical Analysis of Clinical Stability in the Cervical Spine.  

A forensic look into ligament structure, causation of injuries, attempted healing of ligaments, permanency of injuries, management options.