The Adirondack Mountains are located in northern New York, but their formation is completely unrelated to the nearby Appalachian Mountains.

La Palma is a volcano is the Canary Islands that has recently been active.

Links:
Satellite captures La Palma volcano creating strange cloud ripple

The Flannelcasters talk about the largest underwater volcanic eruption ever recorded, off the coast of Mayotte.

Links:
Largest Underwater Eruption Ever Recorded Gives Birth to Massive New Volcano

The Flannelcasters talk about the Well of Hell in Yemen, and some other notable sinkholes around the world.

Links:
Cavers discover snakes and waterfalls inside Yemen's infamous 'Well of Hell' in world-first descent
Cavers descend into Yemen's 'Well of Hell' for first time
This Hellish Desert Pit Has Been On Fire for More Than 40 Years

The Great Unconformity in some locations has nearly a billion years of missing time in the rock record. We talk about what it is and new insights on how it formed.

This week the Flannelcasters talk about the Kola Superdeep Borehole - the deepest borehole ever drilled by humans, extended nearly 12 km below the surface of the Earth.

Links:
Ask Smithsonian: What’s the Deepest Hole Ever Dug?
The deepest hole we have ever dug
How Deep Is the Deepest Hole in the World?
Underground unearthly: What the world's deepest well told about

The Flannelcasters talk about the cause of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, the resulting damage, and positive changes resulting from the earthquake.

In this week's episode, the Flannelcasters talk about clastic sedimentary environments. Then they finish up the episode talking about Mars rovers.

This week, the Flannelcasters talk about the 100-year flood and some other topics related to flooding.

The Flannelcasters talk about the end Permian mass extinction - the worst known mass extinction where 90% of the planet’s species died off.