Lee, from his executive position at Goldman Sachs and extensive academic and professional background, shares insights on the formation of the Applied Innovation Group, aimed at driving thought leadership and innovation within the firm, motivated by the seismic shifts in geopolitics and technology. The conversation also explores the geopolitical 'AI swing states,' the influence of open vs. closed source AI models, and the historical parallels that might help predict the future of AI's impact on business models and economic growth. Throughout, they underscore the necessity of conscious technology development that augments human potential and fosters equitable growth, while also considering the implications of AI on job market dynamics, the importance of broad AI adoption, and strategies nations might employ during these formative 'Inter AI years' to secure their place in the future AI-driven world.

About George Lee: https://www.goldmansachs.com/about-us/people-and-leadership/leadership/management-committee/george-lee.html

01:00 Introduction

02:47 The Role of Applied Innovation Group

04:09 The Intersection of Technology, Geopolitics, and Business

04:49 The Geopolitics of AI

06:51 The Global AI Competition

09:14 The Role of Different Countries in AI Development

21:42 The Future of AI: Open Source vs Closed Source

28:59 Understanding AI as an Operating System or Application

30:34 The Concept of Swing States in AI Competition

31:26 Understanding Geopolitical Swing States

32:03 The Rise of China and its Global Impact

34:05 The Concept of AI Swing States

35:03 The Role of Innovation Blocks in Geopolitics

38:15 AI and Economic Growth: A Macro Perspective

38:45 The Impact of AI on Economic Output and Growth

47:07 The Interplay of AI, Capital, and Talent

55:03 The Concept of Inter AI Years and its Opportunities

56:56 The Risks and Opportunities for Businesses in the AI Era

58:49 The Future of AI: A Discussion on Adoption and Democratization

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Website: [www.anirudhsuri.com](http://www.anirudhsuri.com/)

Book and Podcast: [www.greattechgame.com](http://www.greattechgame.com/)

Book Links:

Anirudh Suri:

The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri : https://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My

Full Episode link: https://youtu.be/BlxR5dqm3O4

In this episode, host Anirudh Suri speaks with guest Helen about the underlying factors behind Donald Trump's rise in politics. They explore the notion that Trump's ascendancy is not solely due to populism and delve into the historical fusion of nationalism with representative democracy. The discussion highlights parallels between Trump's strategy and the American Populist Party, comparing Trump's nativism-plus-class approach with Bernie Sanders' class-focused rhetoric. Helen argues that nationhood has always been intertwined with democracy, challenging the simplistic label of populism often attributed to Trump's political narrative.

**Helen Thompson** is an English academic who teaches politics at Cambridge University, where she is a professor of political economy and a fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, where she is also Director of Studies.

She has been working in Cambridge since 1994 and is currently a member of the Department of Politics and International Studies. One of her recent research interests is the aftermath of the 2008 Financial crisis.

00:00 Introduction: Trump's Rise and Populism

00:25 The Conceptual Problem with Populism

00:58 Nationalism and Democracy

01:19 Historical Context of Populism

02:06 Populism in American History

02:30 Trump and the American Populist Party

02:58 Class and Nativism in Trump's Rhetoric

03:44 Comparing Trump and Sanders

04:28 Conclusion: Nationhood in Representative Democracy

Book Links:

#AnirudhSuri:

**The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri:** [amzn.eu/d/1Su38My](http://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My)

#HelenThompson

**Disorder: Hard Times in the 21st Century**: https://amzn.eu/d/72bIz8J

#TrumpRise, #Populism, #ChinaJobs, #Nationalism, #Nationhood, #Democracy, #NationLanguage, #RepresentativeDemocracy, #NationState, #HistoricalPerspective, #FranklinRoosevelt, #AmericanHistory, #AmericanPopulistParty, #ClassCritique, #NativistAppeal, #BorderQuestion, #CheapLabor, #WashingtonPolitics, #BernieSanders, #CrudeRacism

Full Episode link: https://youtu.be/BlxR5dqm3O4

In this episode, host Anirudh Suri discusses with guest Helen Europe's future, highlighting the rising use of civilizational language among European politicians. The conversation examines President Macron's stance on defending European civilization, the complex energy transition, and the challenges of foreign resource dependency. The discussion also touches on Europe's ambitions to become a leader in climate tech, the competition with China, and Europe's strategic interests in Africa.

**Helen Thompson** is an English academic who teaches politics at Cambridge University, where she is a professor of political economy and a fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, where she is also Director of Studies.

She has been working in Cambridge since 1994 and is currently a member of the Department of Politics and International Studies. One of her recent research interests is the aftermath of the 2008 Financial crisis.

00:00 Introduction: Europe's Future and Civilizational Language

00:22 Macron's Civilizational Language and European Challenges

00:57 Energy Transition and Europe's Geopolitical Strategy

02:12 Resource Dependency and Environmental Concerns

03:12 Europe's Climate Tech Ambitions

03:50 China's Lead and Europe's Position in Africa

04:58 Conclusion: Europe's Technological and Geopolitical Predicaments

Book Links:

#AnirudhSuri:

**The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri:** [amzn.eu/d/1Su38My](http://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My)

#HelenThompson

**Disorder: Hard Times in the 21st Century**: https://amzn.eu/d/72bIz8J

#EuropeFuture, #CivilizationalTerm, #EuropeanCivilization, #Macron, #USChinaCompetition, #EnergyTransition, #NetZero, #EuropeanGeopolitics, #ClimateChange, #MetalsDependency, #MiningResistance, #EnvironmentalConcerns, #ClimateTech, #TechRevolution, #ChinaCompetition, #AfricaPartnerships, #InvestmentPriorities, #RareEarths, #TechProcessing, #EuropeanUnion

Full Episode link: https://youtu.be/BlxR5dqm3O4

Host Anirudh Suri and guest Helen discuss the future of oil-producing nations like Saudi Arabia in the context of ongoing climate transitions. They analyze potential scenarios of reduced oil dependence, the geopolitical implications, and the continued necessity for oil in certain sectors, comparing it to historical shifts from coal to other energy sources post-World War II.

**Helen Thompson** is an English academic who teaches politics at Cambridge University, where she is a professor of political economy and a fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, where she is also Director of Studies.

She has been working in Cambridge since 1994 and is currently a member of the Department of Politics and International Studies. One of her recent research interests is the aftermath of the 2008 Financial crisis.

00:00 Introduction: The Future of Oil-Producing Nations

00:17 Saudi Arabia's Role in a Changing Energy Landscape

01:00 Comparing Oil to Coal: Historical and Future Perspectives

01:52 Geopolitical Implications of Energy Transitions

03:35 The Continued Importance of Oil and Petrochemicals

03:55 A Multi-Energy Future and Its Geopolitical Tensions

Book Links:

#AnirudhSuri:

**The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri:** [amzn.eu/d/1Su38My](http://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My)

#HelenThompson

**Disorder: Hard Times in the 21st Century**: https://amzn.eu/d/72bIz8J

#OilNations, #SaudiArabia, #EconomicFuture, #ClimateTransition, #OilConsumption, #EnergyMix, #Geopolitics, #BatteryTechnology, #ClimateTechnology, #US, #SovietUnion, #EnergyPower, #EconomicDecline, #MilitaryPower, #WorldEconomy, #Electrification, #Petrochemicals, #LowCarbonEnergy, #GeopoliticalTensions, #EnergyRegime

Full Episode link: https://youtu.be/BlxR5dqm3O4

In this episode, host Anirudh Suri and guest Helen discuss the evolving geopolitical dynamics in Africa, focusing on the continent's rich resources and the new scramble for them by global powers like China, Europe, and America. They explore whether African nations can leverage their resources to move up the value chain and transform their economies, rather than just being a source of raw materials. The conversation also touches on recent political shifts, such as the coup in Niger and France's subsequent search for uranium alternatives, highlighting the growing resource nationalism and its implications.

**Helen Thompson** is an English academic who teaches politics at Cambridge University, where she is a professor of political economy and a fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, where she is also Director of Studies.

She has been working in Cambridge since 1994 and is currently a member of the Department of Politics and International Studies. One of her recent research interests is the aftermath of the 2008 Financial crisis.

00:00 Introduction: The New Scramble for Africa's Resources

00:30 Africa's Historical Context and Missed Opportunities

00:57 Potential for Change: Leveraging Strengths in a Fractured World

01:25 Geopolitical Awareness and Resistance

02:09 Significance of Recent Coups in West Africa

02:46 France's Response and Uranium Deals

03:07 Beyond Resource Nationalism: Creative Economic Strategies

03:36 Economic Transformation Possibilities

Book Links:

#AnirudhSuri:

**The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri:** [amzn.eu/d/1Su38My](http://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My)

#HelenThompson

**Disorder: Hard Times in the 21st Century**: https://amzn.eu/d/72bIz8J

#Africa, #Resources, #ScrambleForAfrica, #China, #Europe, #America, #Partnerships, #Concessions, #France, #MilitaryPresence, #Niger, #Cobalt, #Colonization, #Industrialization, #Capitalism, #TechGame, #Geopolitics, #AfricanStandpoint, #ValueChain, #EconomicTransformation

Full Episode link: https://youtu.be/BlxR5dqm3O4

In this episode, Host Anirudh Suri and guest Helen discuss the significant global elections in 2024, including those in the US, UK, and India, and analyze how current geopolitical disruptions might impact these elections. Additionally, they explore how the outcomes of these elections, particularly in the United States, could shape global geopolitics by the end of 2024. The conversation covers key issues like the US's relations with Europe and NATO, the Middle East conflicts, and the political dynamics surrounding the Ukraine war.

**Helen Thompson** is an English academic who teaches politics at Cambridge University, where she is a professor of political economy and a fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, where she is also Director of Studies.

She has been working in Cambridge since 1994 and is currently a member of the Department of Politics and International Studies. One of her recent research interests is the aftermath of the 2008 Financial crisis.

00:00 Global Elections in 2024: An Overview

00:37 Impact of US Elections on Geopolitics

01:12 Trump's Potential Return and European Relations

01:36 Constraints on Trump's Foreign Policy

02:08 Geopolitical Influence on US Elections

02:52 Middle East Tensions and US Politics

03:56 Ukraine and US Domestic Politics

04:58 Trump's 2016 Strategy vs. 2024 Challenges

Book Links:

#AnirudhSuri:

**The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri:** [amzn.eu/d/1Su38My](http://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My)

#HelenThompson

**Disorder: Hard Times in the 21st Century**: https://amzn.eu/d/72bIz8J

#elections2024, #globalpolitics, #geopoliticaldisruptions, #USpolitics, #UKelections, #IndiaElections, #foreignpolicy, #TrumpBiden2024, #USforeignpolicy, #EuropeanUnion, #NATO, #MiddleEastConflict, #USmilitary, #AmericanElections, #IranianTensions, #UkraineCrisis, #MexicanBorder, #Trump2016, #ObamaLegacy, #AfghanistanWithdrawal

Prof. Thompson shares invaluable insights on key global topics. From the potential impact of the 2024 US presidential election on global power dynamics to the intricate interplay between domestic politics and foreign policy in major nations like the US and China, we delve deep into the forces shaping our world. Discover how Middle East dynamics, populism, and nationalism are reshaping political discourse worldwide, and gain a nuanced understanding of the evolution of these ideologies in the 21st century compared to their 20th-century counterparts. Drawing parallels between leaders like Trump and Julius Caesar and exploring the complex relationships between technological supremacy, energy security, and the transition to renewable energy, this discussion offers a comprehensive view of today's geopolitical landscape. From China's potential leadership in climate transition to Europe's uncertain future amidst Brexit and the rise of populism, we explore the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. Don't miss this enlightening conversation on the geopolitical forces shaping our world's future. Subscribe now for more insightful content!

**Helen Thompson** is an English academic who teaches politics at Cambridge University, where she is a professor of political economy and a fellow of Clare College, Cambridge, where she is also Director of Studies.

She has been working in Cambridge since 1994 and is currently a member of the Department of Politics and International Studies. One of her recent research interests is the aftermath of the 2008 Financial crisis.

Chapters:

00:00 Highlights

01:15 Introduction

02:27 Impact of 2024 Election Outcomes on Geopolitics

10:04 The Influence of Nationalism and Populism in Politics

23:35 The Intersection of Energy, Technology, and Geopolitics

34:40 The Future of Energy and Geopolitics

39:36 The Importance of Climate Tech Mastery

40:00 Historical Perspective on Resource Control

41:52 The Role of Technology in Resource Extraction

43:13 Geopolitics of Metals vs Oil & Gas

44:06 Future of Oil Producing Nations

47:58 Similarities between Data and Metals

48:42 Bigger geopolitical forces at play in the Middle East

01:00:31 Europe's Future: The Big Picture

01:06:36 Africa: The New Scramble for its Resources

01:10:43 Helen Thompson's Book and Podcast Recommendations

Book Links:

#AnirudhSuri:

**The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri:** [amzn.eu/d/1Su38My](http://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My)

#HelenThompson

**Disorder: Hard Times in the 21st Century**: https://amzn.eu/d/72bIz8J

#climate #energy #geopolitics #disorder #oil #climatetech #climatetransition #europe #us #china #africa #middleeast #iran #russia #houthis #redsea #rareearths #lithium #cobalt #nickel #Electricvehicles #domesticpolitics #populism #donaldtrump #biden #nationalism #nativism

Full Episode Link: https://youtu.be/LfmxGA7nOR4

The discussion focuses on the important role global governance will play in the development and deployment of AI technologies. The speaker emphasizes that despite the necessity for collective international action, achieving consensus on core principles and institutions will take time. It highlights the interest from global bodies such as the UN and the discussions that have been ongoing for almost a decade without reaching a concrete agreement. The urgency is stressed due to the rapid advancement of AI technology compared to slower diplomatic efforts, especially in areas like AI safety.

00:00 Introduction to Global Governance of AI

00:35 Current Global Interest and Debates

00:47 Challenges in Defining AI

01:15 Diplomacy vs. Technological Advancements

01:21 Imperative for AI Safety and Future Governance

As always, watch, share and subscribe!

Book Links:

#AnirudhSuri:

The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri : [amzn.eu/d/1Su38My](http://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My)

#PaulScharre:

Four Battlegrounds - Power In The A: Power in the Age of Artificial Intelligence : https://amzn.eu/d/1GnHu2i

Army of None – Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War : https://amzn.eu/d/b8wFXQn

#globalgovernance, #AI, #ArtificialIntelligence, #UN, #SecurityCouncil, #AIsafety, #AIdevelopment, #diplomacy, #technology, #facialrecognition, #chatGPT, #selfdrivingcars, #militarytech, #UNSecretaryGeneral, #internationalrelations, #techprogress, #globalcooperation, #AIaccidents, #coreprinciples, #AIinstitutions

Full Episode Link: https://youtu.be/LfmxGA7nOR4

In a recent discussion during Sam Altman's visit to India, a key question arose about whether India, with its burgeoning venture capital ecosystem but lesser depth of capital compared to the U.S., could develop large language models (LLMs). The conversation addressed the constraints posed by the escalating training costs of LLMs, emphasizing that the capital needed is significant. The costs are doubling roughly every 18 months, with the training of models like GPT-4 already reaching as high as $100 million. This exponential rise in costs poses a substantial barrier for small startups and academic institutions.

00:00 Introduction: Sam Altman's Visit to India

00:22 The Capital Challenge in Building Large Language Models

01:22 The Exponential Growth of Training Costs

01:47 Impact on Startups and Academics

01:57 Conclusion: Capital's Role in AI Competition

As always, watch, share and subscribe!

Book Links:

#AnirudhSuri:

The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri : [amzn.eu/d/1Su38My](http://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My)

#PaulScharre:

Four Battlegrounds - Power In The A: Power in the Age of Artificial Intelligence : https://amzn.eu/d/1GnHu2i

Army of None – Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War : https://amzn.eu/d/b8wFXQn

#SamAltman, #OpenAI, #India, #VentureCapitalist, #LanguageModels, #Capital, #GPT4, #TrainingCosts, #AI, #Technology, #Innovation, #DepthOfCapital, #AIApplications, #BigData, #HighCosts, #ComputingResources, #AIResearch, #ExponentialGrowth, #SmallStartups, #Academics

Full Episode Link: https://youtu.be/LfmxGA7nOR4

This episode explores the concentration and diffusion of AI research and talent. It highlights how top universities and research institutions like Stanford, Carnegie Mellon, and MIT attract the best researchers. Despite their concentration in a few top labs in academia and the private sector, the wide availability of published AI research and models online facilitates rapid knowledge diffusion. This allows a broader audience to access and build upon cutting-edge discoveries in AI.

As always, watch, share and subscribe!

Book Links:

#AnirudhSuri:

The Great Tech Game by Anirudh Suri : [amzn.eu/d/1Su38My](http://amzn.eu/d/1Su38My)

#PaulScharre:

Four Battlegrounds - Power In The A: Power in the Age of Artificial Intelligence : https://amzn.eu/d/1GnHu2i

Army of None – Autonomous Weapons and the Future of War : https://amzn.eu/d/b8wFXQn

00:00 Introduction to Research and Talent in AI

00:49 Concentration of Top Researchers

01:11 Diffusion of AI Knowledge

#Research, #Talent, #AIResearch, #CuttingEdge, #CloudComputing, #Infrastructure, #TopUniversities, #Stanford, #CarnegieMellon, #MIT, #PrivateSector, #Academia, #AI, #Breakthroughs, #OnlinePapers, #KnowledgeDiffusion, #TrainedModels, #Researchers, #Innovation, #TechInstitutions